History of Circular Saw Essay

Circular Saw- As changes in the economics of the industry occurred, developments in powered machinery began that had an impact on both preparing and assembling. In 1805, Brunel took out a patent for large circular saws particularly associated with veneer cuttingand in 1807 developed the saw further in association with block-making machinery. However, one of the most important developments was not on this scale at all. The small circular saw of up to seven inches diameter, often operated by a treadle, was one of the keys to the success of small-scale furniture makers. This saw enabled makers of cheap furniture to square up, mitre and rabbet cleanly, accurately, and quickly, allowing the frames of cheap carcase work to be simply rebated and nailed. This method of rebating, using a circular saw, was particularly useful for drawer-making which was traditionally a place for using dovetail joints. The advantage of this cheap method was that a dozen drawers could be made in the time it took to merge joint just one. History behind the chair- Thomas Lee was the first to build and found the Adirondack Chair. He made it simply for relaxation for his family members. It was a great success and all his family members really liked the chair. He decided he would show it to a carpenter named Harry Bunnell. Bunnell really liked Lee’s chair and decided that he should start making them more than just for family but for a profit. Without Lee’s knowledge he patented the chair idea and began making his own Adirondack chairs with the same design as Lee’s. It was a big hit around the region and soon in the history of furniture. Originally it was named the Westport chair but then later on it was renamed the Adirondack Chair. Bunnell’s Adirondack chairs were made of hemlock, painted in either dark brown or green, and signed by the carpenter himself. Today, Bunnell’s original chairs come at a hefty price, about $1,200 each and he sold them for only $4.00.

Though the book “A Man without a Country”

Though the book â€Å"A Man without a Country† is written in funny way, it has a serious message for those who are concerned about humanity in general and America in particular. It intimately expresses the author’s deep anguish at the prevailing situation in the United States despising the Bush administration and its policies. Kurt Vonnegut in his own kidding and humorous style strongly condemns the Americans’ lust for oil. He laments at the inhuman administration that has dehumanized millions of people in the name of race and religion. He criticizes the unthinking and uncaring attitude of people in damaging the environment. He is not quite hopeful of a great future for the coming generations given the indifferent and reckless attitude of the present people. He says, â€Å"I know of very few people who are dreaming of a world for their grandchildren†. Using humor as a physiological response to the fear, he expresses his deep concern for the future generations and his total disregard for the people who are in the positions of power causing loss to people and to the green earth. He strongly advocates that everyone should save his own and others’ lives and be honorable. The title of the Book A Man without a Country, with the sub-title â€Å"A Memoir of Life in George W Bush's America† is a collection of small essays, speeches and interviews despising the Bush administration. Fitting the definition of a memoir, the book comments on the incidents happened during administration of famous personality President Bush. The author calls himself a man without a country except for the librarians as he is quite disgusted with the present day Americans who present themselves as proud and pitiless war lovers. It is clear that he does not like to be associated with people who have dehumanized millions and millions of human beings in the name of religion and race. The book consists of intimate and informal conversations of an eighty year old man about the affairs of the day urging the people to save themselves and the earth and to be honorable.

Evaluate the Strengths and Weaknesses of Reason as a Way of Knowing

There are four main ways of knowing – reason, perception, language and emotion. However each one of them have their own strengths and weaknesses and only by knowing them will we be able to better use these ways of knowing to gain knowledge. This essay will seek to examine the strengths and weaknesses of reason as a way of knowing. Reason is often seen as one of the most powerful ways of knowing – for it ‘seems to give us certainty’ (Lagemaat, 112). Reason uses logic to form arguments and conclusions.A benefit of reason using logic in reason is that it allows us access to innate or a priori knowledge – knowledge we cannot access any other way. One definition of A priori knowledge is innate knowledge that is not derived from experience but rather, are universal rules that we apply. (Cahn,Eckert,Buckley). There are several different forms that reason takes but these are mainly inductive and deductive reasoning – which will be discussed later in t he essay. A major strength of reason as a way of knowing is that the information we gather from using it is certain.This is a great strength because we are provided with a strong prediction model that we can build knowledge upon, thus providing us with information that we can believe to be true. We look to how this is applied in an area of knowledge the natural sciences. Take for instance the concept of neutralization reactions in Chemistry. In theory we know that a base would react with an acid to produce salt and water – a hypothesis that, up till this point, has been proven to be true – to form a salt and water. If we are presented with the following argument:All bases react with acids to form salt and water. Unknown sample X reacted with an acid and formed salt and water. We can conclude that unknown sample X is a base. We used deductive reasoning to arrive at the conclusion above. Deductive reasoning provides us with a conclusion that is absolutely certain. The wa y deduction works is that we go from general premises to a specific conclusion (Langemaat, 234). Like the example above, so far we have seen that all acid-base reactions produce water and salt thus we believe sample X is a base as well.At this point in time, there is no dispute against the law of the acid-base reaction and this will remain a law of chemistry. This certainty reason provides is an extremely important strength as this shows that reason allows us to create strong foundations that can be expanded upon. However with this certainty that reason brings, it has its weaknesses too. The first weakness of reason as a way of knowing is that it is limited. While we realise that unknown sample X is a base, this is all we know of it.This is where the weakness of deductive reason lies, it provides us with an extremely certain conclusion so that we can build upon our foundations that have been set but at the same time, we are limiting our knowledge to just this small scope. Also, the certainty of the conclusion depends on the truth of the premises. How can we prove that these premises are true? We believe that the premises are true because they have not been renounced as of yet. However if they were in fact wrong, our conclusion would be false as well resulting in a completely false argument.From this we can see that while reason can provide us with very certain conclusions, it limits us to building knowledge upon a specific foundation and the truth of the conclusion is based on the truth of the premises. The next strength of reason helps us generate laws to explain abstract concepts and gain this knowledge in areas that our senses cannot reach. This is a very important strength of reason as it shows how detached reason is from the empirical and sense perception. We look to the natural sciences once again – the concept of temporary dipole attraction between diatomic molecules.If we have the following argument: I, Br and Cl form temporary dipoles I, Br and Cl are group VII halogens Therefore, all halogens form temporary dipoles. This example shows how definitions and laws in the natural sciences are formed and how we use reason to do so. The example above uses induction, a method of reason that involves going from the specific to generate a general conclusion. This is how laws of the abstract are formed in science – we are unable to use sense perception or empirical knowledge, since we cannot see dipoles, to formulate these laws, we use reason to arrive at these conclusions.However, this is where the weakness of reason comes in as well. The problem with using induction is that these conclusions could have been arrived at in an incorrect way. The fact that these conclusions drawn are that of something abstract, how do we prove for sure that it is not another variable that affects it? Furthermore, what happens when in the future, when something that is not a halogen is discovered to form a temporary dipole. What happens to our d efinition of what can form temporary dipoles then? This is the weakness of reason in the natural sciences.Many times, Science applies inductive reasoning and even if a hypothesis is subject to uncountable experiments and stands irrefutable at this present time, it might not be true in the future. Since the natural sciences are a combination of the math and empirical, we cannot solely rely on our a priori knowledge. Science’s discoveries are often based on observations and this flout’s the rules of rationalism. When our senses are involved, our ability to reason might be compromised and lead to false premises and thus false conclusions.However, this is where experimentation comes in to prove as far as we can the extent of scientific truth and discovery. Therefore when it comes to the natural sciences, reasoning has its strengths in clearly defining and classifying various concepts that are senses cannot reach. However, reason falls short in the test of time, where we do not know what future results might yield as well as the possibility of mixing our senses into our premises, leading to false concepts to begin with.Thus, we can conclude that reason is limited in science by time and the extent of knowledge we already have. Even though reason might follow a logical flow, one may still arrive at false conclusions due to problems in our web of coherence. This is a major weakness of reason as we jump to hasty conclusions and cause us to make fallacious statements. For example, in the area of knowledge of the human sciences, analysts have been trying to identify patterns in human behaviour and events. Take for instance in a certain country, crime rates reach an all time high.Analysts would be looking for the factor that caused this and if at the exact same time there was a decrease in abortions, they might form this argument Crime rates increased Abortion rates decreased Therefore the decrease in abortions caused the increase in crime rates. This is an example of a fallacy called ‘post hoc ergo propter hoc’ where (wikipedia). This fallacy occurs when we assume that event A is the cause of event B just because B comes after A. The example above is guilty of committing this fallacy of ‘post hoc ergo propter hoc’ as it quickly concludes based on two events that happened at the same time.The analyst may argue that he used logic to reason out this relation but in actual fact there might have been many other factors that contributed to this increase in crime and violence. This example illustrates the weakness of reason as even though this is a sound argument, its premises are not the cause of each other and thus the argument is invalid. To conclude, we can see that reason has a significant role in many of the areas of knowledge but also presents many shortcomings, especially when experience and other factors come in. We are empirical creatures and it is difficult to always think rationally and logically.As Thom as Aquinas once said, ‘Most men seem to live according to sense rather than reason. ’ Perhaps this then is the major weakness of reason as a way of knowing – it cannot exist alone but needs to coexist with the other ways of knowing. Works Cited Cahn, Steven M. , Maureen Eckert, and Robert Buckley. Knowledge and Reality: Classic and Contemporary Readings. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2004. Print. Alchin, Nicholas. Theory of Knowledge. London: John Murray, 2003. Print. Lagemaat, Richard Van De. Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2005. Print.

Movie Analysis- Charlotte Sometimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movie Analysis- Charlotte Sometimes - Essay Example Indeed, King highlights that the narrative of the independent film often subverts genre, thereby heightening viewer empathy with characters in contrast to the Hollywood approach, which would support the Warhol perception of independent film (King, 2005). The focus of this analysis is to critically evaluate the independent film â€Å"Charlotte Sometimes† (2002) and in doing so this paper will undertake a contextual analysis of the film in context of the independent film format. Firstly, it is submitted that the Eric Byler’s film Charlotte Sometimes utilises the signature independent film technique of subversion of the formulaic Hollywood approach in narrative and characterisation. To this end, it is posited that this is a significant feature of the appeal of the film, as the subversion of the Hollywood approach through the use of complex narratives and anti-stereotypical characterisation symbolises the rise of the wider demographic and the growing development of independent cinema. By analogy, this is further highlighted by the overlap of nominated films at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and the Independent Feature Project Stage and the Academy Awards and the Independent Spirit Wards (Sconce, 2002). For example, in 2006, Ang Lee won both the Oscar and the Spirit award for the direction in Brokeback Mountain, arguably obfuscating the distinction between independent films and Hollywood films with the â€Å"indiewood† effect (Tzioumakis, 2006). However, Rombes argues that â€Å"the coincidence of films does point to a phenomenon in contemporary (particularly) American filmmaking, which is yet to be critically evaluated in any sustained way† (Rombes, 2005). Indeed, Nicholas Rombes’ collection of essays further develops this point by addressing contemporary film culture and raises the possibility of the evolvement of socio-political conceptualisation through what he terms as a â€Å"cinematic avant garde†, which attracts

Patriot Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Patriot Act - Research Paper Example The Department of Justice designed and developed the drafts for this new law. This legislation is intended to fortify the measures and reinforce the available tools to deal with domestic and international terrorism. It also provides a number of new techniques to the Central Intelligence Agency, Federal Bureau of Investigation and federal prosecutors (Jenks). Under these interventions, the US agencies can identify and prosecute terrorist networks at the national and international levels. Central to the US PATRIOT Act is its unique feature of streamlining communications between the different agencies addressing terrorism and terrorist activities. This Act has simplified the task of investigation and surveillance, by introducing less involved procedures. Funding for the victims of terrorist acts and the families of such victims has been substantially enhanced under the provisions of this exemplary Act. Moreover, it provides ample funds for reconstructing infrastructure and business that had been destroyed or damaged by terrorism (Fritscher). This Act has been sub – divided into 10 sections or titles. These titles consist of several sections that explain the provisions of that particular title. A concrete definition is provided in the titles and sections to the federal government. The aim of this delineation is to clarify the powers conferred upon the enforcement agencies, with regard to the investigation of terrorist activities. It is important to note that the provisions of the US PATRIOT Act also contain several checks and balances that are aimed at preventing the abuse of power (Fritscher). Argument 1 The USA PATRIOT Act establishes special scrutiny measures for foreign jurisdictions. Thus, enforcement officials can prosecute international terrorist organizations and foreign financial institutions. It also empowers them to deal with certain classes of international transactions and accounts, if these are suspected of being put to criminal use. This Act r equires all international financial service agencies to monitor their transactions and to report any instances of money laundering. The Act further strengthens measures to prevent the misuse of the US financial system for personal gains, by corrupt foreign officials (USA PATRIOT Act). In addition, it provides mechanisms to repatriate stolen assets to the country to which they belong. Prior to the enactment of the US PATRIOT Act, the law enforcement agencies of the US had found it very difficult to take direct action, in order to prevent acts of terrorism or to monitor terrorist activity in the country. It was believed in many quarters that substantial alterations had to be made to the existing laws, if the contemporary terrorist organizations were to be dealt with in a competent manner (Patriot Act 2001). These terrorist organizations, such as the notorious al Qaeda, were very well organized and had access to the highly sophisticated contemporary communications technology. The propo nents of increased domestic surveillance have rightly claimed that the harm caused by the possibility of breach of the rights of the US citizens was insignificant. This was in comparison to the immeasurable harm that terrorists could inflict upon the nation, by taking advantage of the absence of domestic surveillance. Such surveillance is indispensable if another terrorist attack of the

Communication theory related to a famous song Research Paper

Communication theory related to a famous song - Research Paper Example Songs such as â€Å"Now I’m that Chick† reinforces the complexity of the female psyche and their views on self-identity versus emotions on soured romantic relationships. This song best fits the profile of symbolic interactionism, which is best defined as a direct response that occurs not as a product of their views on another’s personal actions, but on the significance they give to the action itself (uregina.ca, 2000). Under this theory, meaning is created based on the direct social interaction that occurs with others in society and then meaning is further interpreted using various coping strategies or direct emotional outburst; whether negative or positive. Symbolic interactionism describes the various cultural symbols that help to shape both identity and a person’s reaction to various social stimuli (McClelland, 2000) such as the termination or hopeful renewal of what might have been a bad romantic relationship. The social norm for handling this situation might have been reinforced on the individual through various media formats or experience with peer reactions in similar situations and the individual develops their own symbolic meaning about these situations and then applies what they believe to be appropriate action. One line from â€Å"Now I’m that Chick† states, Cause you thought that I was pure as snow, guess you didn’t know, which is a form of self-reinforcement to another party, in this case an old romance, that the individual is emotionally strong and largely defiant. The lyrics seem to point toward the return of an old flame that wants to renew this poor romance and Franc identifies that such a thing would be impossible for her to endure based on the symbolism she attached to the experience. Another line states, Now I’m that Chick, and you’re just a clown, in a further effort to either create her own defense mechanism (a psychological view) or to stab cruelly at the receiver’s

Role of Police with Reference to Community Issues Essay

Role of Police with Reference to Community Issues - Essay Example Microsoft, Oracle, Satyam Computers, Tata Computer Services, and other educational institutions which have established their branches in the different countries do need man power, for which they need to provide necessary facilities. In this context, certain housing associations are pretty much indulged in the process of providing housing facilities. In such condition, where world meets world, different nationalities, race, colour, caste, community, it is inevitable that there would be certain issues arising every now and then. Therefore, it is necessary there should be certain policies developed by the housing association to combat such issues. In United Kingdom, Pennine Housing 2000 is one such association which provides shelter facilities on rent by complying with the regulations set up by the regulatory authority. Pennine Housing 2000 established in 2001 is Calderdale's largest and registered social landlord, managing the rented housing stock just over 11,000 properties.2 It states that the rents are kept low so that it is within the reach of everybody and standard of homes are constantly improving due to improvement programmes.3 The company has gained support and funding from Housing Corporation to continue to regenerate number of areas, replacing unpopular and rundown properties to newly built housing estates. During the Annual Tenants Conference, a tenant expressed that 99% of tenants view Peninne Housing 2000 with great respect as it is doing stupendous work while remaining 1% want more and much greater services.4 The company has always focused on meeting high standards for which over 112 million between 2001 to 2006 were spent on internal improvements, new central heating systems, and external works such as new doors, re-roofing etc. The company also promises tenancy rights of the tenan t through tenancy agreement. Pennine was recognized nationally within the social housing sector. At the National Housing Federation iNBiz Awards, it won the Best Leadership and the Employer of Choice categories - achievements which clearly place the company as a quality organisation. It also received Gold RoSPA award for Health & Safety and West Yorkshire NHS Modernisation Award for Healthy Living campaign amongst its staff. Pennine Housing being a well known housing company has its duties and responsibilities cut out. It has to provide all the facilities to its tenants as well as the society. It has the responsibility to see that their tenants are not the victims of social exclusion as there may be people of different communities and nationalities. It has to protect the rights and interest of every individual, so that he/she may not get deprived of the facilities to which he/she may be entitled. The company has also tackle issues like labeling where such acts turn an innocent, known to be good guy to some criminal. Such acts/ issues should be addressed and tackled with effective measures for the welfare of the society. And it is the responsibility of Pennine Housing 2000 to look after the buildings and have a vigilante look at all corners of the edifice and see that the repairs are done wherever necessary so that the locality does not turn into a prostitute's hub or crime yard. The company should take effective policing measures to tackle all such issues in the wake of providing decent and good

Visiting Getty Vila Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visiting Getty Vila - Essay Example To her right is an image of the man who seems to be placing something in the bowel held by the woman in her left hand. This woman is naked at the top and she is standing in an attractive stance. Her hair is plaited and her naked chest exposing her breasts is emblazoned with a necklace showing flowers. In the left corner of the plaque, it can also be seen that there are different ornaments placed on what looks like a round table. The vessels are of different shapes and they seem to represent different types of treasure. Upon closer analysis of the plaque, it can be seen that it is designed from an outdoor setting. It seems there is a large tree branch stretching from the upper left corner of the plaque through to the right. Again, I noticed that the child depicted in the portrait is holding a ball in his left hand. He is also standing on a rectangular box probably used to store different types of wealth. The bowel held by the women in her left hand is used to collect different types of treasure which will be stored in a safe place later on. To a larger extent, I believe this piece of art was superbly designed. During the ancient period, silver was used to design different types of treasure. This precious mineral was smelted and designed into different shapes depicting different types of artifacts. Even up to date, I believe that silver is still regarded as one of the most precious minerals found across the globe. It symbolizes wealth and the more silver one had in procession, the wealthier they are considered. In my own opinion, I think this piece of art is authentic in that even up to date, silver is still used to measure the level of wealth possessed by a certain individual or group. This plaque seemed to have been developed during ancient period when there were still little technological developments that could be used to smelt this mineral. It seems that the people who lived during this period were technologically advanced such that they

Lacoste Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lacoste - Essay Example The background is filled with clouds, portraying the harmony between the products and the brands claim of comfortable clothes and shoes. The advertisement is well designed in terms of not showing any gender biases, it clearly shows men and women both wearing the brand and enjoying the experience. Hence, it is directed towards both male and female populations alike. The ad does not have any hidden messages about not getting old or not looking cool if you do not wear the brand etc. The only message that it tries to convey is the lifestyle and the comfort one gets from wearing Lacoste. It tries to convince people that wearing the brand will make them feel fresh, confident and energetic. The ad strategy shows a slice of life lifestyle with young energetic people having fun and enjoying life as if they have been rejuvenated by fresh air. The brand has established itself as one of the high end brands in the apparel industry and its iconic green crocodile is a sign of quality, comfort and a fun loving lifestyle. The ad when compared to other brands such as Dsquared2, does well in terms of showing gender biases. Dsquared2 shows a man sitting on the floor and wearing a suit. Thus, Lacoste ensures that it targets both its markets equally while Dsquared2 focuses on men. As a result there are no two variances of the same advertisement. Furthermore, Dsquared2 ad shows a calm and serious lifestyle with a formal setting while Lacoste shows trendy, outgoing and fun loving people. The ad however has obvious hints of racism, as all five models shown are of white decent. When compared to other brands like United Colors of Benetton, who specifically show people of all races and types wearing the brand in the ad, Lacoste performs poorly. Another criticism that brand has faced is it that even if it enters foreign markets like India etc where there are colored people it

Australias Population Distribution and Density Essay Example for Free

Australias Population Distribution and Density Essay The physical environment has determined to some extent, the distribution and density of Australia’s population. Discuss. People do not live evenly spread through the world. Australia is one of the counties that considered has a low population density. This is due to approximately 23 million population were distributed unevenly. Besides the physical environment, there are also a variety of other factors that have actually worked together to distribute in the Australia’s population that cannot be neglected. These included the economic and history factors. The physical environment is one of the well-known factors that affect the distribution and density of Australia’s population. This refers to the landforms, climate, flora and fauna and of course the components including people constantly interact and affect each other. Australia is very famous with its diversity of animals and plants that are able to survive in the harsh and extreme climate such as the marsupials and eucalypts, which had, actually attracts many people to live in this unique land. The climate is rather dry due to the little rainfall, and this caused mass migration of people to other places. Therefore, this results in the different population density in different region. Australia’s economic has also contributed to the distribution and density of its population. This is due to the reliance on maritime trade in the past. The first European settlement was located on the coast. Therefore, most of the industries were attracted to these centres. This provides a variety of job opportunities to the people. Therefore, many people have settled down there. In the early days, coastal shipping was the main transportation to them because the land routes were difficult to construct and take time to cross. The main function of that is to transport commodities to ports for the exportation to all over the world. This has directly influenced many of the employers and they have found that it is easier to attract labour to coastal location, which has also significantly increased the number of population in that region. The most significant point is, Australia is rich with its natural resources such as iron ore and coal. These are mainly exported to all over the world and hence planted many business and investment opportunities. Colonial historical factor tends to affect the distribution and density of Australia’s population too. In the past, the vegetation patterns and agricultural regions are the most significant points. Most of the interior of the country is uninhabitable so people mainly lived on the coast, especially on the east coast where conditions are better. Besides that, most of the major urban cities have developed on the sites that first settled by the European invaders and settlers. The capital city is the main area of dense population while the rural areas are considered as a very low dense populated region in each state and territory. This is because people can easily get food from the coastal area, which has now been adopted to be the city of the state. Australia is meant to be a very sparsely populated country. This is due to the many factors present which actually played a role in it. It includes the physical environment, economic and history factors. However, some statistics show that there is a sudden growth in the distribution and density of Australia’s population since 1990s as people started to migrate into Australia from all over the world. In a nutshell, there will be an ongoing growth in the distribution and density of Australia’s long-term population that will also brings a lot of goods such as financial and social benefits. (575 words)

Construction Contracts: Omission, Suspension Termination

Construction Contracts: Omission, Suspension Termination An analysis of Omission, Suspension Termination of Construction Contracts under Civil Law of Qatar UAE 1. Introduction Qatar has a well-developed and structured legal system. The origin of the Qatar legal system is found in both ancient and traditional sources. It is based on Islamic law and jurisprudence but has adopted many of the principles of the Napoleonic Civil Code (French Civil Code). In addition, Egyptian philosophy of law and procedure (Egyptian Civil Code) had a great influence on the legal and judicial system of Qatar. The State of Qatar is a traditional country ruled by Al-Thani family and the state leadership being inherited by Al-Thani family since mid-19th century Qatar’s judicial history was influenced by a series of events beginning with the Ottoman occupation of the region in the 19th century. As stated in Background to legal system in Qatar by Qatar Law website â€Å"The Ottoman rulers established a system of justice based on teachings of the Hanafi school of Islamic Law. As the Ottoman Empire started to lose its grip on its rule in Qatar and elsewhere in the Arabian Gulf, Qatar underwent a gradual shift towards the Hanbali school of Islamic Law under the influence of the then emerging regional power, Saudi Arabia† (Partners, 2014). Qatar became a protectorate of Britain after the 1916 treaty and British legal system was established formally after the treaty. The civil courts established by British enforced English laws albeit local courts continued to administer a legal system based on Sharia law (Islamic law) which was the legal system in pre British era. This practice created a dual court system that existed until recent time in Qatar. Modern Qatar legislative process began in 1961, when Law No. 1 for the year 1961 was issued. Subsequently, several modern legislations covering the administrative, economic and social activities were enacted. Qatar passed the new Judicial Law No. 10 for the year 2003 in October 2003 which revolutionized and unified the judicial system in Qatar. This law became effective in October 2004. Qatar enacted a new Civil Law in 2004, providing applicability in respect of limitation of time and territorial jurisdiction. Other important definitions such as of natural and juridical persons principles and legal capacity to sue and be sued were incorporated in to the new Civil Law. Contractual relationships in construction sector were codified as Law No. (22) of 2004 with the passing of Qatar Civil Law. Law No. (22) of 2004 Promulgating the Civil Code was issued by H/H Hamad Bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar exercising the executive authority vested under the Constitution. As stated in Qatar Law website â€Å"Qatar Civil Code provides guidelines for the establishment of contractual relations and obligations arising therefrom. It specifies basic elements of a contract such as consent, subject matter, and purpose of contracting. It also deals with annulment, construction and binding nature, effect, and cancellation of contracts† (Partners, 2014). The UAE federation comprising seven Emirates namely; Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras Al Khaimah, Umm Al Quwain, Ajman and Fujairah was established on 02nd of December 1971. The Constitution declares the Sharia is the principal source for law in the UAE and a civil law jurisdiction heavily influenced by the Egyptian law system which was heavily influenced by French and Roman law. Commercial transactions are governed by UAE Federal Commercial Transactions Law ‘Commercial Code’ (No. 18 of 1993). Civil transactions are governed by UAE Law of Civil Transactions ‘Civil Code’ (No. 5 of 1985 No. 1 of 1987) (Whelan, 2011). In the absence of any specific provisions in Civil Code , the Islamic Sharia law will be applied. In matters of procedure, the UAE courts follow the Federal Civil Procedure Law ‘Civil Procedure Code’ (No. 11 of 1992 as amended). Articles 872 to 896 of the UAE Civil Law 1987 (the Civil Law) relating to construction works, as well as general maxims and principles set out in the same law, form the basis of the legal framework relating to construction. Also, UAE Commercial Transactions Law provisions would apply to the degree that the parties to a construction claim could be defined as traders conducting commercial business as per Articles 6 and 11. The general principle of freedom and sanctity of contract is recognized under the Qatar Civil Code and a contract is treated as the law of the contracting parties. Natural and legal persons are free to agree on whatever they desire, provided that their agreement does not conflict with law, public order and morality. Verbal contracts and contracts as a result of conduct of the parties are mostly recognized and are enforceable in court subjected to establishing / proving the contractual-relationship. The Civil Law also deals with interpretation of contracts, contractual responsibilities, liability for personal acts, and responsibility for acts of third parties, ownership responsibilities, surety, unjust enrichment, types of sale, lease, insurance, and rights attached to property, land law, mortgage, wills, legacy, privileges, and gains. It also stipulates performance, compensation and compulsory execution, assignment of rights, innovation and impossibility of performance and statutes of limitation. Contractors are often faced with employer- driven Omission, Suspension Termination of the Construction Contracts due to financial constraints and other difficulties encountered by Clients and Contractors in Qatar Middle East in general. Medium to large scale public works projects procured by Public Works Authority of Qatar (Ashghal) use General Conditions of Qatar (its own spoke form) published by Contracts Engineering Business Affairs (CEBA) which were updated and reissued on July 2007 prepared by either in-house lawyers or external law firms. The Qatar General Conditions of Qatar is a close resemblance of International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) Yellow, Silver or Red Book contracts. The other major projects procured by state affiliated organizations such as Qatar Foundation, Qatar Gas, RasGas, Qatar Water Electricity board (Kharamaa), New Doha Aiprt Steering Committee use their own bespoke and â€Å"project specific† forms. Where a project is awarded on a lump sum basis, the 2007 General Conditions of Contract favoured by employers in Qatar places much of the risk for losses on the contractor, except where losses are adequately covered under the amended provisions to the Contract. A reasonably fair assessment of the General Conditions of Contract by many contractors in Qatar is that it heavily favours the employer. While this may be the case, a contractor may also be entitled to claim equitable relief in accordance with the Qatar Civil Law No. 22 of 2004. In the above scenario, it is imperative to analyze the rights and entitlements of Clients Contractors in circumstances arising from Omission, Suspension Termination of the Construction Contracts under FIDIC 1987 revision 4 FIDIC 1999 which are base documents for most of the Bespoke Conditions of Contracts in Qatar and its enforcement under the Civil Law of Qatar U.A.E. 2. Aim Analyze the legal aspects of Omission, Suspension Termination of the Construction Contracts under the Qatar U.A.E Civil Law. 3. Objectives There are four objectives of this study: To identify the limit of a Contractors’ exposure to the Employer in respect of Omission, Suspension Termination of the Construction Contracts. To identify the limit of Employer’s exposure to the Contractor. Analyze the entitlements between FIDIC suit of Contracts and Qatar U.A.E. Civil Code To determine reasonable solutions and precautions. 4. Research methodology The following Literature was reviewed during the initially to ascertain the feasibility of conducting a comprehensive research on the subject dissertation. Binding Force of a Contract – Article 171of Law No. 22 of 2004 – Qatar Civil Code â€Å"A contract is the law of the contracting parties, and it may not be revoked or amended, except by agreement of both parties or for prescribed by the law† (Portal, 2014). Dissolution of a Contract Article 183of Law No. 22 of 2004 – Qatar Civil Code Article 183 states that â€Å"In contracts binding on both parties and imposing reciprocal obligations (synallagmatic contracts), where one of the parties fails to perform his obligation, the other party may, upon formal notice to the former, demand performance of the contract or its rescission, and may claim any damages caused by such failure to perform† (Portal, 2014). â€Å"The judge may,mutatis mutandis, determine a period of grace within which the obligor shall perform his obligation. The judge may also reject the application for rescission if the obligation not performed is insignificant compared with the obligations considered in their entirety† (Portal, 2014). Termination of a Contract of Works under Articles 703, 704 707 of Law No. 22 of 2004 – Qatar Civil Code Termination of a Contract under Articles 892 893 of UAE Federal Law No. 2/87 – The Civil Code Dissolution of a Contract under Articles 185 188 of Law No. 22 of 2004 – Qatar Civil Code Article 185 states that â€Å"When a contract is rescinded, the contracting parties shall be reinstated to the position they were in prior to the date of the conclusion of the contract. If reinstatement is impossible, the court may grant indemnity† (Portal, 2014). Article 188 states that; â€Å"The contracting parties may mutually agree to terminate the contract upon its conclusion, provided that the subject matter of the contract remains in the possession of either party. Where the subject matter of the contract is lost, damaged or disposed of in part in favour of a third party, the contract may be rescinded to the extent of the remaining part and the share of the party† (Portal, 2014) Dissolution of a Contract under Article 273 of UAE Federal Law No. 2/87 – The Civil Code Dissolution of a Contract under Articles 267 268 of UAE Federal Law No. 2/87 – The Civil Code The binding force of a Contract under Article 172 of Law No. 22 of 2004 – Qatar Civil Code The effect of the Contract under Article 246 of UAE Federal Law No. 2/87 – The Civil Code Ruling issued for the year 2006 by Court of Cassation, Dubai Literature study and analytical research are my major learning methods which play an important role in this report. Analytical research involves analyzing existing case law, facts and information. The data will be collected from primary/secondary sources, interviews with industry experts and case studies/laws. Literature study and analytical research have been chosen due to complex laws of the country and its interpretation by the Law experts. However, any analysis contained in this dissertation is the author’s own opinion and shall not be construed as evidence in a court of law. This paper does not have any legal or contractual standing in interpreting a binding Contract Document. 5. Scope and Limitation The building construction contracts stipulate express provisions governing the rights of one or both parties to terminate the contract under certain circumstances. These express provisions are categorized as non-contractual rights and contractual rights to terminate a binding contract. The Non-contractual rights to terminate are defined as; Frustration and this occurs when circumstances rather than the default of contracting parties have intervened to prevent the contract being performed as intended originally. When frustration occurs, further performance of the contract is impossible, illegal or radically changed from what the parties contemplated at the time of signing the contract. The contract is automatically terminated once a frustration event occurs and the parties are absolved from further obligations but accrued liabilities remain with them. The party who is relying on frustration provisions in the contract must be sure of that a frustration event actually occurred when justifying the ceasing of operations under the contract to avoid being in breach (the contract is more expensive to perform is not a frustrating event). It is prudent that the events stipulated under force majeure clauses should not overlap with the frustration events and the events which are provided their consequences are stated in the contra cts shall also not be considered as frustrating events. It is imperative to define Force Majeure events in the contract and clause 19.1 of FIDIC 1999 First Edition state that the definition of â€Å"Force Majeure† as; â€Å"Means an exceptional event or circumstance: (a) which is beyond a Party’s control, (b) which such Party could not reasonably have provided against before entering into the Contract, (c) which, having arisen, such Party could not reasonably have avoided or overcome, and (d) which is not substantially attributable to the other Party† (FIDIC, 1999). Force Majeure events are exceptional events or circumstances as listed FIDIC 1999 below and those satisfy the clause 19.1 of FIDIC 1999 sub-clause (a) to (d) above: â€Å"(i) war, hostilities (whether war be declared or not), invasion, act of foreign enemies, (ii) rebellion, terrorism, revolution, insurrection, military or usurped power, or civil war, (iii) riot, commotion, disorder, strike or lockout by persons other than the Contractor’s Personnel and other employees of the Contractor and Subcontractors, (iv) munitions of war, explosive materials, ionising radiation or contamination by radio-activity, except as may be attributable to the Contractor’s use of such munitions, explosives, radiation or radio-activity, and (v) natural catastrophes such as earthquake, hurricane, typhoon or volcanic activity† (FIDIC, 1999). Repudiation and this occurs when a party to the contract commits a serious breach of contract that entitles the innocent party to consider the contract as terminated with immediate effect and sue for damages due to breach of the contract. The following will be considered as clear repudiation of a construction contract Contractor’s refusal to carry out contract scope; Vacant the site or un-authorized removal of plant by the contractor; Procuring other contractors to carry out the whole or part of the scope of work originally contracted; Employer’s failure to give access to the site (possession of the site). The Contractual rights to terminate are classified as; Termination for Cause and the clauses stipulated in the contract vesting powers/rights to terminate the contract for breaches of specified contractual obligations such as unjustified/ unrecoverable delays attributed non-performance of the works. The parties may exercise their rights to terminate in other circumstances too, such as occurrence of a force majeure event. Termination for Convenience or ‘at will’ clauses may be incorporated in to construction contract vesting powers to one party to terminate the contract without having to establish any cause or breach for termination for the other party. This clause is very useful in the event that the; the employer changes the use of the land (eg. Condominium development to a hotel development) the employer’s inability to secure financing for the whole project or secure anchor tenants the contractor finds the project will be unprofitable or too risky the project has been suspended for a prolong period with no prospect of it being recommenced. There is a very close relationship between suspension and termination and, depending on how the clause is drafted. The end result of a suspension clause may be much the same as a termination clause in that either party will have the right to terminate the contract at the end of the agreed suspension period. The justification for suspension clauses will be broadly similar to termination such as a change of circumstances on the ground that makes continuing with the works impossible in the short term. Notwithstanding the above, suspension may be used by one party to allow it space to consider how to proceed with a project, which should be acceptable to the other party if kept within bounds. The scope of this research is to identify the legal provisions to secure the rights and entitlements provided under Qatar Civil Code and UAE Federal Law in Omissions, Suspensions and Terminations and limited to the construction contracts under the jurisdiction of the subject countries. The main limitation is the Language. The Qatar and UAE Laws are written in Arabic and official translation in English language is not available. The author relies on many unofficial translations of Qatar and UAE Laws for the purpose of this research. Arabic language prevails over the any launage in a Court of Law in Qatar and UAE. 6. Conclusion The Contractor shall be compensated for; Re-measured work done Preliminaries Material delivered / ordered Under- recoveries Costs/increases Removal of Contractor’s equipment Repatriation of staff/labour Loss of damage (loss of profit) Costs resulting from suspension after recovering the following from the contractor Advance Payment Previous payments Employers recoveries All these compensation and recoveries are stipulated in FIDIC Conditions of Contracts (or amended bespoke versions) and enforceable under Law No. 22 of 2004 – Qatar Civil Code and UAE Federal Law No. 2/87 – The Civil Code. The Contractors (and the Employers) as the case shall be able to seek the solace of Law even if the Contract Agreement they entered in to is heavily bias towards the Employer as the Law of land prevails over any contractual relationship between parties. 7. References FIDIC. (1999). Conditions of Contract for Construction. In I. F. Engineers, General Conditions (pp. 56-58). ISBN 2 88432 022 9. Partners, S. A.-A. (2014). Background Legal System in Qatar. Retrieved 08 25, 2014, from www.qatarlaw.com: http://www.qatarlaw.com/background-legal-system-in-qatar Portal, Q. L. (2014, 08 25). Law No. 22 of 2004. Doha, Qatar. Whelan, J. (2011, 07). The Civil Code. Retrieved 08 27, 2014, from http://lexemiratidotnet.files.wordpress.com: http://lexemiratidotnet.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/uae-civil-code-_english-translation_.pdf

Examining The Enzyme Amylase And Its Uses Science Essay

Examining The Enzyme Amylase And Its Uses Science Essay A catalyst is a substance used to speed up a particular reaction and remain unchanged at the end of the reaction. Reactions that are sped up by catalysts can range from making sure maximum ammonia is obtained in industries to making sure that every starch particle in our bodies has been broken down during digestion. Looking at enzymes, enzymes can be defined as biological catalysts they speed up metabolic reactions that are taking part in living organisms. Enzymes are protein in nature and are made up of globular proteins. This gives them a precise 3D shape that has hydrophilic R groups on the outside that make them soluble. Enzymes come from microorganisms, plants or animals. An enzymes features include an active site which is a depression in the enzyme to which a molecule (substrate) can bind and be broken down into two or more products. The shape of the active site is what determines what substrates can fit and substrates are required to fit perfectly in an enzyme for them to be b roken down. Therefore an enzyme will act on only one type of a specific substrate molecule. Enzymes also reduce the activation energy this is the initial amount of energy that is required to increase the rate of a particular reaction. The rate of a reaction of an enzyme depends on how many enzyme molecules there are, how many substrate molecules there are and the speed that the enzyme is able to convert this substrate into a product. However the rate of reactions of enzymes does not always run smoothly it is affected by: enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, pH, enzyme cofactors, temperature and enzyme inhibitors. Enzymes tend to denature when exposed to high temperature that is higher than 40à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C because of their protein nature they are then destroyed. They also work faster at a pH of around 7 that is a neutral pH with few exceptions. Eg. Enzymes in the stomach that work within the presence of hydrochloric acid (1,2) Introduction to enzymes in industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Enzymes play multiple roles in industries and many industries have now turned to enzyme technology. The advantage in using enzymes is that they can catalyse the different chemical reactions, they are specific so therefore they can give pure products, and they work efficiently. Such factors play leading roles in the pharmaceutical, food and agricultural industries. When using enzymes in industries microorganisms are preferably used as the source rather than plants or animal. This is because companies find that they can be grown economically in bulk fermenters controlled conditions, they can be genetically engineered relatively easily, and mutant varieties can relatively easily be produced to improve performance and their production rate can be altered to suit the demand. When several enzymes are required to be used in more than one reaction to made a product then the enzymes are isolated and the specific enzyme is chosen for the reaction. Pure enzymes can also be used and in some case s enzymes can be used as they are without having to purify them eg.fruit juice production and meat tenderization. Industries have also found another way of using enzymes that enables them to reduce the cost of the process and also be able to re-use the enzyme after that reaction. They do this by immobilizing the enzyme. This means that the enzyme gets strapped to a solid support then put in the reaction so therefore after the enzyme has broken down that reaction it can be retrieved from the mixture. Immobilizing an enzyme also makes it more stable as it disables the enzyme to denature as a result of pH or temperature changes. Such enzymes are mostly used in the process for making sweeteners in the USA and fruitdrinks in Japan. (1,2) AMYLASE This is a digestive enzyme that plays an important role in our bodies and also in the food industry, textile and pharmaceutical industry. Amylase comes in different forms that are determined by the way in which their glycosidic bonds are attached. There is the Alpha-amylase, Beta-amylases and Gluco-amylases these include gamma-amylases and amyloglucosidases . (3,7) Below are the primary-quaternary structures of amylase. Primary Structure Secondary Structure Quatenary Structure Tertiary Structure The enzyme amylase is mainly used as a digestive enzyme. The reaction that is being broken down in the presence of amylase is the breaking down of long chain carbohydrates (polysaccharides such as starch) into disaccharides (maltose) and then monosaccharides (glucose). (3,5,6) In industries amylase is used in the following ways: In brewing and fermentation the amylase that is present in wheat breakdown the starch into fermentable sugars. They catalyze maize or potato starch to syrups in numerous reactions to syrups that contain sugars that can then be used in making sweets, or ice cream. In baked goods they pre-digest the starch that increases the performance of yeast and increases the yield of the product. In textile industry they are used to breakdown starched clothes for them to be dyed after the starch has been used as a stiffening agent to design the cotton fibres. In washing and cleaning, amylase is used to dissolve starch stains. For sizing of paper. to increase diastase in flour. Used in babyfoods. Amylase also takes out starch during jelly production. In fruit juices they remove the lees that has starch. (3,7,4) The sources of amylase is animals, plants, and microorganisms. In animals amylase is made in the salivary glands and pancreas. In plants amylase can be found in barley malt and in microorganisms they are found in the fungus Aspergillus oryzae. (1) Amylase can be produced by fungul and bacterial cultures. Of these 2 a bacterial culture shows more of an advantage as they display stability in temperature than amylase from fungul cultures. In the bacterial culture the amylase is produced by genetically modified microorganisms these are different types of bacillus. The amylase that is produced by fungul cultures are not genetically modified but once when they were genetically modified Trichoderma was used. (7) A cofactor is a substance that must be attached to the active site before a substrate can be able to bind and enable the enzyme to work properly. These come in the form of an ion or a molecule. The cofactor of amylase is calcium ions (1,6,) An inhibitor is another molecule (other than a substrate) that is very similar to a substrate that takes over the active site and therefore reduces the rate of activity of that enzyme. Inhibitors can be classified as competitive inhibitors and non-competitive inhibitors. The competitive inhibitors are the ones that temporarily bind the active site but can be reversed and overcome by increasing the concentration of the substrate whereas the non-competitive inhibitors are permanent and they destroy the catalytic activity of the enzyme. An inhibitor of amylase is phaseolamin. (1,6,4) The problem with using amylase is that when used in the brewery industry when boiling wort enzyme gets denatured by the boiling and breaking down starch to dextrins by fermentable sugars does not happen. When amylase mixed with other enzymes is used to overcome indigestion it may cause drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision or lightheadedness.

War in Iraq :: war, Iraq, USA,

1. There was very little evidence and the United States acted prematurely. The evidence itself is confusing and somewhat misleading. As we look on the invasion many Americans were very enthusiastic about going to war with Iraq. However, we’re not trying to think about why we were not there or trying to justify other than speculate the following reasons. Did Iraq have weapons of mass destruction or was the United States to find about their military power? Possibly, the United States was trying to eliminate Saddam and his regime to promote democracy and peace. I think because of the 9/11 tragedy and maybe control of the oil resources gave the United States a reason to act like they did. 2. The approval rate of other countries is justified because no one likes a bully! And frankly the United States has been fitting this description all too well by showing countries that if you mess the United States your messing with the bull. President Bush proved this by making a 48 hour notice and invading Iraq exactly on the 48 hour mark. This shows other countries that the United States means business. If I could I would love to live in another country such as Australia. I believe that my view of American politics would drastically change! Maybe for the better because I would not be under the hammer so to speak. Indirectly, if American politics did not include the country I was living in. I would not take the time to care. 3. I have two opinions of this one Britain being an ally it should be there good pleasure to help in any way to fight the war in Iraq. Because the United States I feel would have done the same for Britain. That is just good relations between allied countries. If Britain did not help the United States they probably would not consider Britain to be a good ally to keep relations going like they have. My second opinion is that Britain should have not got involved with the United States against Iraq. For the simple fact, a big majority of Muslims lives there. Thereby making a terrorist attack more eminent. Britain should have negotiated a term to help the United States only in a real emergency.

The Themes of Euripides Medea :: Euripides Medea Essays

The Themes of Medea    Medea, a play by the Greek playwright Euripides, explores the Greek-barbarian dichotomy through the character of Medea, a princess from the "barbarian", or non-Greek, land of Colchis.   Throughout the play, it becomes evident to the reader that Medea is no ordinary woman by Greek standards.   Central to the whole plot is Medea's barbarian origins and how they are related to her actions.   In this paper, I am attempting to answer questions such as how Medea behaves like a female, how she acts heroically from a male point of view, why she killed her children, if she could have achieved her goal without killing them, if the murder was motivated by her barbarian origins, and how she deals with the pain of killing her children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As an introduction to the play, the status of women in Greek society should be briefly discussed.   In general, women had very few rights.   In the eyes of men, the main purposes of women in Greek society were to do housework such as cooking and cleaning, and bear children.   They could not vote, own property, or choose a husband, and had to be represented by men in all legal proceedings.   In some ways, these Greek women were almost like slaves.   There is a definite relationship between this subordination of women and what transpires in the play.   Jason decides that he wants to divorce Medea and marry the princess of Corinth, casting Medea aside as if they had never been married.   This sort of activity was acceptable by Greek standards, and shows the subordinate status of the woman, who had no say in any matter like this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even though some of Medea's actions were not typical of the average Greek woman, she still had attitudes and emotions common among women. For instance, Medea speaks out against women's status in society, proclaiming that they have no choice of whom to marry, and that a man can rid themselves of a woman to get another whenever he wants, but a woman always has to "keep [her] eyes on one alone." (231-247)   Though it is improbable that women went around openly saying things of this nature, it is likely that this attitude was shared by most or all Greek women.   Later in the play, Medea debates with herself over whether or not to kill her children: "Poor heart, let them go, have pity upon the

Blasphemous Movie on Prophet Muhammad Essay

Abstract: Media is held responsible for the distorted and caricature image of Muslims and their most holy figure prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in the West. The movie â€Å"innocence of Muslims† is the most recent stereotype demonstration of them. People’s thinking on a matter, which they don’t have much knowledge about, is largely formed by what media determines, following an agenda setting theory. Islam has always been such issue in the West and Muslims have always been shown as fanatics, extremists and violent killers thus giving negative connotations to Islam. According to semiotic theory of sighs, every image or sign has a coded message, which is always decoded by different people in the same way by a common cognitive system. When the messages in the carton images of Prophet Muhammad published by a Danish magazine Jyllands-Posten in 2006 were decoded, there was an outcry in the Muslim world, which later developed a carton controversy around the global politics. This blasphemous movie of prophet Muhammad, another genre of visual communication, created the same political conflict between East and West and upheaval in the politics of Muslim countries too. The first part of my paper which is a media plan for Pakistani government to deal with the issue, analyses how Muslim world reacted to this movie and how a troublesome situation in all the Muslim countries is affecting the relations of Muslims’ with the U.S. Second part examines how western media, in the name of freedom of speech, has been deconstructing the bodies of Muslims as violent treacherous men and their religion as a danger to West. This message has been continuously shot into the heads of masses since ages analyzing magic bullet theory of media. Media effects theory can easily elucidate the results of such efforts. The article advocates media should consider ethical boundaries while discussing religions and religious entities. Key words: Muslims, stereotypes, prophet Muhammad , cartons, movies, western media, protests, politics. Background of the problem. Just a 14 minute trailer of the blasphemous movie â€Å"innocence of Muslims† caused a great upheaval in the Muslim world .the holiest figure of Islam  prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) has been shown in this movie as a child molester, womanizer, drunk and a violent killer. This is not the first movie, there is a list of such movies against Muslims and Islam, e.g. Black Hawk Dawn, the kingdom, the Seige, fitna, which created havoc in Muslim world and we saw riots, violence, boycotts and deaths as a result of them. Later on, such trouble tic situations were always manipulated by politicians.(see links of movies trailers in references) This movie produced by Nakoula Basseley led Muslims protests in Egypt, Yemen, Libya, Iraq, India, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia and in many other Muslim countries including the killing of US ambassador to Libya in a violent attack by extremists. Obama and Clinton condemned this movie like many other governments of the countries, even Cindy Lee Garcia told The Hollywood Reporter that she and many actors were duped by filmmaker. â€Å"He has a price to pay, this Mr.Bacile, maybe not here on Earth, but he’ll stand before God one day for what he has done†. These protests were going on and â€Å"meanwhile a French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo published the controversial cartoons of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) further inflaming Muslims’ sentiments†.(the Dawn 30 sep) Such protests were started in earlier September in Pakistan where hundreds of thousands from all walks of life recorded their protest against this movie and publication of carton images again. Many marched towards US embassy in Islamabad and many were killed and wounded in clash with police there. There were rallies of protests nationwide having more than 45,000 people earlier in September, 21 were killed and 229 wounded, more than 200 protesters set fire to effigy of Barack Obama in the capital of Pakistani administered Kashmir.(Aljazeerah 21sep). Pakistanis are demanding from the government to stop missions with US If they don’t ban this movie altogether, though it was banned later in many Muslim countries on a request from Washington house to goggle. Problem for Pakistani Government: In Pakistan election campaigns are going on and the political parties are engaging mob in violent attacks to make unrest in the country. By highlighting the weaknesses of the government and the wrong dealings of the issue by the government, the other political parties are trying to take advantage of the situation. Many banners in the rallies led by other  political parties demand from government to shut US and French missions in Pakistan which is definitely not possible. So there is a great need to make a well developed strategy through media to handle the situation as president is loosing the popularity because of many stories of the corruption of government and this issue of blasphemy is very complex to handle as the demand to ban this movie cannot be accomplished at once like Pakistani are wishing. so is the case with their demands to shut the missions with US. Objectives of the media plan: 1) Stop the people from violent protests by giving references from Islamic values teaching peace and tolerance. 2) Gain trust and confidence of the people as a responsible government by focusing what government has done to deal with the issue. 3 minimize the nation’s hatred for US and shift their focus from their demands of not to assist US in the war going on in the region. 4) Present your nation’s viewpoint on international forums regarding the issue. Key messages of the plan: 1) By quoting from the life of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), the people should be stopped from making violent protests and showing hatred to other countries as it is leaving a bad image of the nation and the Islam as well. Media should focus how prophet has taught Muslims to be tolerant and how he hated bloodshed and violence. So key message would be â€Å"Islam is a religion of tolerance not of violence†. 2) Key message to the west should be that we respect freedom of speech but reject freedom of hatred. This movie like other blasphemous movies and carton images of prophet Muhammad fall in the category of later. Such laws should be formulated to avoid these distasteful attempts leading to the unrest in the whole world. 3) Focus on requests of Obama’s government to goggle and you tube to ban the video and also tell your nation through the media the U.S effort to make the laws against such blasphemous acts in the future, so that their hatred towards America could be minimized as their demands to shut missions with America are not easy to be considered. Theoretical framework: Edward said’s famous work on the relations of east and west received much criticism that opens with a quotation by Karl Marx: ‘they cannot represent themselves, they must be represented’. So the west took as its responsibility to represent the east and civilize them by calling them uncivilized. Said unfolds the binary opposition as â€Å"self is familiar (Europe, the west, â€Å"us†) and the other is strange (the orient, the east, â€Å"them†) (said, 1978:43) Said asserts that European knowledge of the East goes arm in arm with expansionism, exploration and settlement. He argues that the ‘Orient’ is constructed and represented in the binary opposition against the Occident, as the ‘Other’. In many respects, the Orient is seen by European values, assumptions, and cultural codes and as the Occident’s other. He criticizes the way that the Occident views the Orient by her own culturally-determined and biased and limited historical perspectives.(Moosavinia, Niazi & Ghaforian,2011) The universal declaration of Human Rights states â€Å"everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression† (United Nations 1948). Some people could argue that they have boundless rights to mock other people’s religious believes including their holy books and holy figures. In the name of freedom of speech, 12 cartoons of Muslims Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)were published by a Danish magazine. The one most debated showed prophet Muhammad as having a bomb in the cloth over his head. (Bond B, 2007) talks about Danish media landscape as â€Å"It is fair to say that the factual social vulnerability, the stereotyping, and the division between â€Å"them† and â€Å"us† in the news media, has created a very hostile rhetoric against visible foreigners and particularly Muslims.à ¢â‚¬  He also talks about Danish media representations of Muslim women. â€Å"Appearing in the 1970s the stereotype of minority women as oppressed and battered was prominent from the late 1990s to early 2000s. The  stereotype of oppressed minority women was emphasized by televised pictures of veiled women illustrating many stories about refugees and other immigrants. Another stereotype since the 1970s was the image of immigrant men as hypersexual threats to women† (Green L, & Aly A, 2011) state in their research that â€Å"there was some resentment voiced by Muslim respondents in interviews and focus groups that the media did not fully represent the diversity of Muslims and instead perpetuated stereotypes of Muslims: ‘the ugly Muslim male’ and ‘the oppressed Muslim female’. This mediated construction of Muslims was thought to provide an influential pathway for the broader community’s understanding of Muslims.† Reporting on Islam has been a mandatory part of western media agenda. A research about agenda of German media concludes as following. In summarizing the results, it can be said that in non-fictional formats such as magazines, talk shows, documentaries and reportages over 80% of the content reproduces an image of Islam that portrays this religion as a problem and a danger for politics and society. This image of Islam in the non-fictional formats of ARD and ZDF is an exaggerated image of violence and conflict, conveying the impression that Islam is less a religion than a political and social ideology that collides with the morality and values of the West. (Richter C, & Hafez K, 2009) Talking about the publication of caricature images of Muslims’ holiest figure of Muslims prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), one can solemnly say that visuals have strong power of global communication. The analysis of one of the images is as following. The turban bomb could also be interpreted as a symbolic depiction of a globe and the Arabic inscription would thus be located in the Middle East. The ideological threat of Islam is translated into a fanaticized face, meant to depict the prophet of Islam, and also the non-communicative attitude of his followers, who are focused on destruction instead of dialogue. This was one of the most criticized of the 12 cartoons, presumably because of its hostile depiction of the prophet, and because of the implication that all Muslims are potentially dangerous suicide-bombers. (Mà ¼ller M Ãâ€"zcan E, & Seizov O, 2009). The examination of over 900 Hollywood movies by Jack Shaheen (2001) may be regarded as a cornerstone in Orientalism canon where he argued how the Hollywood film genre has stereotyped the Arab society by representing them  as greedy precarious men and subjugated women. Such stereotyped presentation paves a way in justification of American foreign policy with the Middle East. The continued production and successes of such movies as Black Hawk Down, The Kingdom and The Siege cannot be overlooked in light of the power struggles resulting from the ‘War on Terror’ and hegemonic representations of Muslim men and women in a variety of Western Media. The visual narrative in The Kingdom—with its deployment of the only American female main character, Janet Mayes, whose body was scripted to represent essential differences between white and brown women—illuminates imperialist discourses, with Muslim bodies becoming the battleground upon which such discourses are both visually and literally being fought. It was argued that a critical engagement with Hollywood cinema is necessary to unveil the complex ways in which Muslim bodies are scripted as dangerous, pre-modern and uncivilized in U.S popular culture. (Michelle Aguayo, 2009) Discussion: The concept of binary opposition given by Edward said (1978) op,cit. as â€Å"us† and the â€Å"Others† is applicable to present scenario easily, western media has always presented the eastern countries specially Muslim countries as â€Å"others† uncivilized, savages, brutal, untamed and western countries as â€Å"us† civilized, educated, tamed and rational. Thinking of Agenda setting approach, I can easily relate how western media has set an agenda against Muslims by presenting them always as violent, precarious, killers and women as oppressed. While talking about Danish media landscape, there were riots, protests, boycotts, deaths in Islamic world including the burning of Danish embassies in Syria and Egypt in response to publication of caricature images of prophet Muhammad. But the western media proved so stubborn that 143 newspapers in 56 countries of West re –published the images again after sometime. To mock Muslims’ holy figure, their holy book and to show Muslims stereotype was included in the common agenda of western media. Semiotic theory helps understanding the process of carrying meanings by those images as semiotics refers to Modality, which is a specific way to encode the information for presentation to people and the meaning, is conceived by people as an effect of it. A list of sign types is considered in such presentations like writing, symbol, color, map, index, graph etc. The different people decode all the signs in the same way by a common cognitive  system according to psychology of perception; this concept elucidates how all people about prophet as a terrorist decoded negative messages in such images of prophet Muhammad. The movie â€Å"Innocence of Muslims† brought another catastrophe in the hearts of Muslims that presented prophet Muhammad as a womanizer, child abuser, homosexual and a violent killer. The purpose of this low quality picture is just to mock and insult Islam and prophet Muhammad and the producer gave as many negative attributes to Prophet Muhammad as he could. Agenda setting approach of media can be helpful in understanding the western agenda of presenting Muslims and Islam as dangerous men and violent religion respectively. Another anti-Islamic movie â€Å"fitna† made by a Dutch parliamentarian Geert Wilders, where Quranic versus are shown alongside the scenes of terrorism. Those versus, in reality, are about the wars going on in that era of fourteen hundred years back but without giving the actual context those versus are misrepresented to show that Quran teaches Muslims to be violent killer. And this proved to be another extreme distortion of Islam. (See link in references). The production of such movies by Hollywood confirms common western agenda to present Muslims stereotypes. All these negative connotations continuously given to Islam and Muslims had a power to shape the thinking of people about Muslims as terrorists, that is also explained by Magic Bullet theory that messages by media are so powerful, and act as a bullet shot into the heads of people by shaping the thoughts of people in a magical way. So the people who don’t know much about Islam and Muslims mostly get Muslims as terrorists. Western media has cast a spell over the people by continuous shots of negativity into their heads. Media effects theory elucidates easily such stereotype representations of Muslims as we can see isolation of Muslims in the world and negative concepts of them in the eyes of common people in the west. People in the West always think of Muslims as extremists, the feelings of hatred and fear against Muslims is prevailing in the western society, which is the most visible effect of media’s stereotype presentations. Conclusion: Whenever media takes such blasphemous steps, they take to riots, protest and upheaval in Muslim countries, which may also lead to global political conflicts sometimes. The biased approach to one religion or to one  particular group of people is surely an attempt to divide the world population into the boundaries of pointless hatred. Media should take great care while talking about religion and religious entities. It should consider some ethical limits while talking negative about Islam as it hurts the feelings of almost 2 billion people in the world. references http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HR0Vj-8dqTM&feature=fvsr http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0ET9qez-Kshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HLNawUg_ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUJ6cxWdZwA3s Pakistan hit by anti-Islamic video protests. (2012, September21). Aljazeerah Said,Edward W. (1978). Orientalism. New York. Penguin Moosavinia, S. R., Niazi, N. N., & Ghaforian, A. (2011). Edward Said’s Orientalism and the Study of the Self and the Other in Orwell’s Burmese Days. Studies In Literature & Language, 2(1), 103-113. Bonde,B. (2007). How 12 Cartoons of the Prophet Mohammed were brought to Trigger an International Conflict. NORDICOM Review, 28(1), 33-48 Green, L., & Aly, A. (2011). How Australian Muslims Construct Western Fear of the Muslim Other. At The Interface / Probing The Boundaries, 7765-90 Richter C, Hafez K. The image of Islam in German public service television programmes. Journal Of Arab & Muslim Media Research [serial on the Internet]. (2009, Dec), [cited October 23, 2 012]; 2(3): 169-181. Available from: Communication & Mass Media Complete. Mà ¼ller, M. G., Ãâ€"zcan, E., & Seizov, O. (2009). Dangerous Depictions: A Visual Case Study of Contemporary Cartoon Controversies. Popular Communication, 7(1), 28-39. doi:10.1080/15405700802598361 Shaheen, Jack. (2001). Reel bad Arabs. New York: Olive Branch Press Aguayo, M. (2009). Representations of Muslim Bodies in The Kingdom: Deconstructing Discourses in Hollywood. Global Media Journal: Canadian Edition, 2(2), 41-56.

Aapl Valuation Fcff Essay

Our modern economy relies upon the technology sector to improve quality, productivity, and profitability. Apple’s first computer was developed around the 1970’s. Since then they have surpass one of its biggest competitors Microsoft (MFST). Apple is not only known for its great designs, fun, and intuitive products. Their products have been productive and created a vast profitability for the private sector. Furthermore, there is no stopping point for Apple, it will continue to grow and generate wealth. There have been various events since Apple went public that have generated high returns due to the volatility of the chaining computer industry. Therefore, I believe Apple is in high growth stage, due to the many new innovations that have came out and are about to come out such as: the Iphone 5, new Ipad Mini, and a new line of Mac computes due out in 2013. Data: To evaluate Apple’s stock, I have chosen to use the Free Cash Flow for the Firm model (FCFF). This model is a measurement of the financial performance of a company that articulates the cash generated from the firm, which is then subtracted by the firm’s expenses, taxes, Net Working Capital, Depreciation, and Capital Expenditures. In essence, this formula is a measurement of the company’s profitability after all expenses and reinvestments. The data that I have collected to provide a future evaluation of Apple’s stock is as stated. The data began at the end of 2011 and is all expressed as millions. CAPEX was $11,768, Depreciation was $3,991, EBIT was $33,790, NWC was $17,018, total liabilities were $39,756, the number of shares outstanding were 937. 4, and the parameters given for the High growth and Low growth were Tax rate as 34%, Treasury bills were 2. %, Market Risk-Premium was 4%, and the high growth period is for 8 years; therefore, from 2012 to 2019 Apple is under high growth at 5. 5% and for 2020 apple stabilizes at 3%. Moreover, the bounds that were provided for high growth were as stated. The Debt-Equity ratio was 40%, which is used to find the weight of debt (Wd) and weight of equity (We). Lastly, the cost of debt (Kd) given is 4. 75% and the current Beta was founded through Scottrade a nd was . 86. However, for stable growth the data differed. Such as the Beta, which was 4/5 of the high growth Beta, Debt-Equity ratio is 25%, and the cost of debt (Kd) is 4. 25%. All in all, the FCFF model will provide the intrinsic value of the firm and of the stock; therefore, it will be compared to the current market price of the stock. Results: The projections, along with the formulas used, for the evaluation of Apple ‘s stock can be found in the Excel worksheet provided. First, I will go over the results for the high growth phase. For instance using the Debt-Equity ratio, the weights for debt and equity were 28% and 71%. Since the ratio was given and not a percentage expressed as weight, Wd+We=1 was used to find the weights. These weights are realistic in terms that Apple does contain too much L. T. debt. From there the CAPM model was used to solve for the (Ke), which was 5. 94%. Also, the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) was founded using the above constraints. This was 5. 14%, which states that Apple does not require a high rate of return for future mergers or expansions. This also provides the interests that Apple has to pay for every dollar it finances. Lastly, by using one of the major valuation models, such as the DCF, the Present Value, which identifies the intrinsic value of the company, was founded for each high growth year. Second once Apple stabilized after year 2019, the prediction of growth is 3%, and Beta was projected to be . 96. Again, by using the boundaries stated above: the (Ke), weight of equity/debt, and WACC were as follow 6. 34%, 80%, 20%, and 5. 63%. These numbers were somewhat similar to its high growth stage; therefore, signifying Apple is still a strong company once it stabilizes. Yet, another reason why Apple can provide such attractive returns. Conversely, finding the Terminal Value (Pt) of the company, which is the value of the company at a future year, projected the PV for stable growth, in this case it was 2020. The (Pt) was over $1 billion, yet again another reason why Apple creates a great investment opportunity. Moreover, by adding all of the PV, including the stable growth year, the intrinsic value of the firm is over $966 million and minus the current value of debt, Apple is still worth (value of equity) over $926 million. This equity divided the current number of shares outstanding; Apple’s intrinsic value of stock is $988. 80 per share. By comparison the current stock price, which is $649. 79 per share, the stock value is undervalued. Likewise, making (AAPL) a rewarding opportunity that must not be taken for granted. Conclusion With outstanding projections by Apple my recommended strategy is simple and involves options. Reason being is that orthodox investments do not provide great returns in a volatile market. Therefore, by evaluating apple now considering future parameters, trading Apple as an option will provide attractive returns. Since Apple growths rate is far greater than its P/E ratio, its long-term trend will be positive; therefore, making it an attractive somewhat safe bet. For instance, buy several calendar spreads at a strike below, at, and above the stock price. If (AAPL) moves between $10-$15 higher then sell the lowest strike spread, and replace it with a higher one around $4 to $6 more than the one sold. This should be reverse if the stock price falls in price. All in all, this is a daily trade strategy, yet it has the potential to provide good returns since the day rate for the short weeks is greater than monthly decay rates.

Does language play roles of equal importance in different areas of knowledge Essay

When a mother yells at her child using her child’s full name, the little fellow recognizes that he or she should not have emptied his or her mother’s perfume just so the child could see the cat sneeze. When the ballerina finally reunites with her first lover after fifty years, one can also feel the happiness as if the feeling physically emanates from the theatre and enters the embrace of the individual. Indeed, language plays many different roles in the various areas of knowledge. Language is a means for interpreting and expressing the world surrounding an individual. Language can be defined into primary and secondary levels. The primary level of language is verbal language and the secondary level of language is visual language which includes body language and facial expressions as well as gestures such as raising a flag. Knowledge can be defined as different types of justified beliefs which humans hold. There are three essential elements of every knowledge claim. What we hold to be knowledge must contain ‘truth’ inasmuch as it must not only be a belief but one that is justified. Knowledge must contain truths. A proposition that a subject does not ‘believe’ cannot be a proposition that the subject ‘knows’ leads to the idea that knowledge requires belief. Finally, knowledge requires ‘justification’ which contains the reasons and explanations of how something is ‘true’. This gives one a working definition of knowledge as ‘justified true beliefs. ’ Beliefs arise due to many causes. However, when beliefs are ‘caused’ they may not immediately qualify as knowledge. It is important for beliefs to be derived from sources which are reliable. There are five sources of knowledge: perception or senses, introspection, memory, reason and testimony. Knowledge can be subdivided into six distinct areas: Mathematics, Natural Sciences, History, Human Sciences, Ethics and Art. These six areas are not exclusive and can overlap with one another. For example, a scientist analyzing global warming may discover ethical considerations and may have to study historical data e. g. meteorological data in further analyzing the subject. One can see that the study of Natural Sciences may involve other areas of knowledge. Hence, the six areas are dynamic and overlapping. These six areas are also culturally dependent: for example, in some cultures there is no corresponding word for ‘art’. We now intend to look more specifically at the areas Art, Mathematics and History. These three specific Areas of Knowledge were chosen in order to give a wider perspective of the differing roles of language in the various areas of knowledge. The paper will reveal how the roles of language vary in importance in communicating knowledge of the world. By considering the field of Art, one must note that Art can be a function of language used to express the ‘self’ through the use of body languages, signs, actions and objects created with the intention of transmitting emotions and/or ideas. Art goes beyond the expressions words possess by giving one both abstract and concrete visual manifestations such as dances, symbols and art paintings. Art can reveal more than what words can express; the saying â€Å"a picture paints a thousand words† may very well prove this point. A smiling face can mean more than just being happy—it can also mean excitement and gratefulness. It appears, then, that there is no strict limit on the number of interpretations for any given picture. Different social backgrounds and cultures may interpret a piece of art uniquely and with different connotations. For instance, the color ‘red’ means luck and prosperity in Chinese culture while on the other hand ‘red’ amounts to danger from the perspective of the America culture. Further, the meaning of a painting or a piece of text depends upon the subjects’ interpretation. Since interpreting a piece of text is more strict and straightforward, consensus should be more easily reached. The meaning of the words of a text seems to be more objective and fixed and therefore it is more possible to agree on one interpretation of the text. On the other hand, a painting, sculpture, or any object that is labeled as ‘art’ can be interpreted in many ways. The artwork’s meaning appears to be more ambiguous than the meaning of a text. For instance, De Kooning’s paintings of women—reminiscent of abstract painting—are done with bold, slashing and swirling brush strokes which may signify grotesque imagery, violence and carelessness on one side and may signify glorification or even obsession on the other. The second Area of Knowledge to be considered is Mathematics. Mathematics uses symbols to express truths about the natural world. The use of Mathematical symbols is a manifestation of language which is a powerful way of expressing natural truths. Are these truths more valid or justified than verbal ‘truths’? Mathematical symbols do have a very strict meaning and are more exacting than one’s use of words. The case of ‘1+1=2’ seems to be logically true and expresses an external and natural truth about the world. With this, Mathematics can explain how the world actually works. However, Mathematics is only one limiting way of understanding and expressing truths about the world as it allows one to express knowledge of space and time while being futile in expressing human behavior and emotions. Some Mathematicians also claim that the language of Mathematics is the best and the most accurate way of expressing knowledge. However, can Mathematics express human emotions which are by nature very subjective? Mathematics limits an individual by merely granting one the capability to express ideas which are reducible to logical symbols. Mathematics is unable to help one express abstract ideas such as the nature of ‘beauty’, ‘virtue’ or ‘goodness’. Lastly, History uses words to obtain a written record of the past. Unlike Mathematics and Art, History seems to allow the individual to express human behavior, beliefs, ideas and emotions more fully and more accurately. It also attempts to arrive at a consensus on the true nature of past events. Since the meanings of words can vary over time, the study of a historical document may lead to ambiguity and misunderstanding among historians. For instance, although it is understood that the hieroglyphics of Ancient Egypt are symbols that tell a narrative, deciphering the precise meaning of the individual hieroglyphics is not only tedious but also unreachable. Egyptologist can only ever make an educated guess about the meanings of these symbols. The same holds true about the study of Ancient Languages such as Latin or Anglo-Saxon. Even Modern English is made up of three layers of vocabulary: Anglo-Saxon (with additions from the Old Norse), French and Latin (with additions from Greek). The roots of language become lost over time thereby obscuring the meanings of the words. In essence, a study of History, which depends on the study of ancient text, reveals how the meaning of words can fail the individual. Although words can help express human’s needs, emotions and wants, the use of words has many limitations. Since a particular word such as ‘cool’ has multiple meanings, how can a group of individuals be certain that they are referring to one and the same thing? Moreover, people from different cultures or social groups may understand ‘cool’ in very different ways. Yet, while language through words plays a primary role in communication, even the slightest variation of the word’s meaning limits people from understanding even simple statements. Further, language translations may not always be accurate. The inaccuracy of translation amounts to the failure of fully comprehending the meaning of a foreign language. A slight misunderstanding of the words appears inevitable. For example, the Chinese idiom will always be less significant than understanding the phrase in Chinese however hard people try to translate the meaning. Languages fail to fully express intuition because words oftentimes do not completely justify or express the feelings of individuals. The connotation of words makes their meaning and usage subjective. People from different cultural and social backgrounds may interpret words and ideas quite differently. For example, how does one define the word ‘love’? The abstract and diverse meaning of ‘love’ means we may have different definitions of the word and therefore misunderstandings are not farfetched. We cannot define words with words which are coherent enough to prevent the meaning from becoming ambiguous. In spite of all these, language remains a vital and important tool for humans to communicate their thoughts and ideas—as John Stuart Mill once said â€Å"language is the light of the mind†. The different roles of language forge friendships, business associations and cultural ties. While the discussion is confined to a brief discussion of the roles of language in only three areas of knowledge, one can see that language, although ambiguous and subjective at times, is still the most powerful tool individuals have in expressing knowledge of the world surrounding humanity.

Ballroom Dance Essay

As what I have observed, Ballroom Dance is a famous kind of dance done usually with a partner and is being enjoyed socially and competitively all over the world. I can say that partners of these dances both enjoyed it being accompanied by different kinds of music and dances each of it as one. Because of the kind of performance in doing this dance, it is widely performed on stage, film, and television. Because of its popularity, several types of it, was created. The following types of ballroom dances are: Waltz, Jazz, Jive, Cha-Cha, Rumba, Tango, Foxtrot and Quick Step. The first one; Waltz is called to be one of the smoothest type of ballroom dance, for it should be danced gracefully and is characterized with â€Å"rise and fall† movements. The second one; Jazz is a type of ballroom dance which uses movements such as; Jazz Hands, Kicks, Leaps, Sideways Shuffling, Rolled Shoulders, and Turned Knees. The third one; Jive is type of ballroom dance which is usually danced in a lively form of Swing Dance and a variation of the Jitterbug, The fourth one; Cha-Cha is a type of ballroom dance usually danced with passion and energy and danced by partners in a synchronize form of movement in a perfect alignment. The fifth one; Rumba is the most romantic and sensual type of ballroom dance and often referred to as the â€Å"Grandfather of Latin dances. † The sixth one; Tango is said to be the most fascinating of all ballroom dances. The seventh one; Foxtrot is said to be the funniest and the simplest dance to be learned especially for beginners which is usually done with long, flowing movements across the floor. And the last one, Quick Step is said to be the quick version of the ballroom dance; Foxtrot and the most difficult type of ballroom dance which is comprised of extremely quick stepping, syncopated feet rhythms, and runs of quick steps. As what I’ve watch, the performer number forty (40) is dominant to the dance. They perform well and they made me impressed in the way they dance. They are a perfect partner because both of them really love what they are doing. When I saw them performing especially when they are in front of us, my eyes didn’t take away from them even if there’s other pair performing. There are two kinds of ballroom dance I loved the most, the Jive and the Quick Step. It makes me sway and dance with the beat. There’s also a kind of ballroom dance i loved, the Rumba and Samba which made me say â€Å"WOW! †. This dance is cool because they can express the viewers what they what to show in there dance steps. Those kinds ballroom dance made me encourage and go back to dancing. That was my first time that I watched that ballroom competition. It’s nice and awesome. All of the dancers are energetic and graceful. It’s obvious that all of the contestant in the ballroom competition are enjoying and having fun. It helps the ballroom dancers improve the way they dance. That competition is a good example of expressing ones talent in dancing. As a viewer, I think I can dance like them and I can be better than them. Just like the performers, I also love dancing but not the way they dance. Maybe I can be better them if I practiced that kind of ballroom dance and if I really love what I am dancing. If I would be given a chance to become a ballroom dancer, I would be seriously focused on dancing. I’ll keep my passion on it and practice the right posture of the ballroom dance so I can be a good dancer. I can prove everyone that I can be better than them.

Finance coventry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance coventry - Essay Example The balance scorecard and the strategy map formulated can serve as an effective tool for the company to predict its effective future plan. This study contains suitable recommendations based on the key parameters used for the purpose of analysis which can serve as benchmark for the company to improve its financial and non-financial performances. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 1. Introduction 4 2. Vision and Strategy 4 3. Balanced Scorecard for Marks and Spencer PLC 5 3.1. Financial perspective 6 3.2. Customer perspective 6 3.3. Internal business perspective 7 3.4. Learning and innovation perspective 8 4. Strategy Map 8 5. Recommendations 9 6. Critical Discussion and Evaluation 10 Reference List 10 Appendices 12 1. Introduction Marks and Spencer (M&S) Group PLC is an international retailer headquartered in London, England, United Kingdom. It is listed as a holding company of the Marks and Spencer Group of companies. Its varied line of products includes clothing (both Men’ s wear and Women’s wear), home ware as well as food. Its clothing division alone includes 731 shops across the United Kingdom. Its presence is not only limited to the domestic circuit. The company enjoys an unprecedented level of presence around the globe having 387 stores in 43 territories across Europe, the Middle East and Asia (Reuters, 2013). This report will primarily involve the analysis of the food retail section of Marks and Spencer thereby identifying its vision and strategy. Henceforth, a balanced scorecard and a strategy map will be designed in order to align business activities of the company to its identified vision and strategy as well as to explain each parameter used for the analysis and their significance towards the company’s goals and targets. 2. Vision and Strategy Marks and Spencer’s vision is to set a benchmark on the basis of which everything else is evaluated. In order to stay true to the vision, they have laid down subsequent strategies which when followed will help the company to grow from strength to strength. Their primary aim is to become truly international, multichannel retailer whereby they can make their long range of products and services easily accessible to people all around the globe. Apart from providing quality products, they also aim to deliver exceptional value as well as high quality services to their customers. Their penchant to stay at the forefront of innovations in both general merchandising and food section is a significant factor giving them the recognition of a truly world class company. As far as Marks and Spencer’s strategies to improve its food retail section are concerned, they have been moderately successful in 2011 as well as in 2012 with their sales increasing by 4.1% in 2011 from what it was in 2010 (Marks and Spencer, 2011). This growth in sales owed to the fact that customers expected the company to come up with innovative products and this expectation in return resulted in an appreciation in the number of customers of M&S. Their strategy is to grow their food business by focusing primarily on their core strengths which are convenience, freshness and speciality. Convenience of shopping is another area that the company is currently working on for improving the way customers find and choose things in the store. This aim led them to come up with the clearer signage scheme. M&S also want their stores to be easily accessible