THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET Essay Example

THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET Essay THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET By ssoekarno THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA PUBLIC LISTED COMPANIES EVI OKTAVIANI SORAYA An undertaking report submitted in fractional satisfaction of the prerequisites for the honor of the level of Master of Business Administration International Business School UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia JANUARY 2014 I pronounce that this proposition entitled The Effect of Convergence with International Monetary Reporting Standard [IFRS]-Based Accounting Standards On Stock Market: Evidence From Malaysia Public Listed Companies is the aftereffect of my own examination with the exception of as refered to in the references. The proposition has not been acknowledged for any degree and isn't simultaneously submitted in candidature of some other degree. Mark: Name Date :JANUARY 2014 Dedicated to Acknowledgment BSTRAK laDle 0T content CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Background 0T study 1. 1 Background of International Financial Reporting Standard [IFRS] Financial articulations are significant for speculator in helping them in settling on choice on where to contribute all around. This is the reason top notch bookkeeping principles empowers speculators to get fitting data which thusly will give financial specialist trust in settling on choice . There is a drive to globalize bookkeeping norms and practices that will be acknowledged by the controllers, affirmation bodies, the bookkeeping calling and the business and scholastic networks the world over so as to limit the likely perils of predisposition, confusion, inaccuracy, and uncertainty. Throughout the years the business network has perceived bookkeeping as the language of business and monetary data as a type of language. We will compose a custom article test on THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Since bookkeeping has been acknowledged as a language, it is prudent that organizations around the globe to communicate in a similar language. Late political and monetary occasions have concentrated on the squeezing requirement for greater consistency in global bookkeeping norms . There is a necessity for a widespread arrangement of bookkeeping gauges which can join the language of bookkeeping around the globe and take care of the issue of contrasts in bookkeeping practice. It is nothing unexpected that the globalization of capital markets has been joined by calls for globalization of money related announcing. In reality, the globalization of the universes capital markets has made the requirement for equivalent and dependable budgetary data to help the shifted exchanges and tasks of the business sectors Hora et al.. The bookkeeping calling has confronted the weight of globalization and keeps on searching for approaches to deliver money related circumstance utilizing an exceptional bookkeeping systems that can be comprehended by all business society over the most recent couple of decades . Not just that, to guarantee ease of use, money related data additionally expected to be justifiable and equivalent to settle using a credit card choices and speculation all the more effectively recovered. Despite the fact that the procedure of internationalization may be troublesome, Anderson said that a lot of universal bookkeeping gauges will permit new skylines of budget report advancement by the way that the near examination of the pace of return and benefit/misfortune set written in asset report has made the opposition between organizations become progressively appropriate. So as to take care of this issue, a novel worldwide bookkeeping standard International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) has been presented. As of now IFRS has been progressively embraced by bookkeeping strategy creators everywhere throughout the world. It is assessed ver one hundred nations are utilizing International Financial Reporting Standards. For instance, Australia and all individuals conditions of the European Union which have received IFRS since 2005, while Canada, India and Korea has moved into IFRS intermingling in 2011 . I ne aaoptlon 0T Internatlonal Accounting stanaaras/lnternatlonal Hnanclal Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) by a noteworthy number of creating nations in the previous years is considered as perhaps the greatest occasion saw in the global bookkeeping field. For the majority of these nations, the utilization of IAS/IFRS bookkeeping is the change to another worldview. This worldview, for the most part dependent on the correspondence of good quality and valuable money related data for dynamic , consider the speculator engaged with the securities exchange as a particular client of budget summaries . The target of this budgetary report basically to offer financial specialists the important data for them so as to appropriately assess the monetary circumstance of the organization which thusly permitted them to place their cash in gainful speculation openings. Nations which have just embraced the IFRS bookkeeping standard predict different advantages, for instance Australian government trusts that the setting of IFRS ccounting principles in Australia can prompt creation of greater bookkeeping norms which thus will encourage Australian business as far as lower expenses of capital and empowers Australian organizations to contend on an equivalent balance abroad, while likewise keeping up financial specialist certainty. Meanwhile the Chairman of the Korea Accounting Standards Board and President of the Korea Accounting Institute expressed that his association is idealistic about the advantages of IFRS appropriation in that it won't just make Korean organizations progressively serious through their upgraded ransparency yet in addition will permit the South Korean bookkeeping industry to grow around the world. From those two proclamations, we can infer that one basic advantage looked for by receiving IFRS is to dispose of boundaries to cross-fringe contributing . Also, Ball contended that IFRS guarantees increasingly precise, thorough and opportune fiscal report data contrasted with the national gauges which it replaces for the open money related announcing in the majority of the nations which received it, including Continental Europe. Better quality fiscal summary data can even prompt etter evaluation by speculators in settling on capital market choices and hence lessen the hazard to these financial specialists. Another property of IFRS is that it requires progressively broad exposure. For instance, resource hindrance FRSI 36 requires revelation of generosity and different intangibles, especially corresponding to the portion of altruism to money producing units, the primary suspicions used to gauge recoverable sum and weakness testing. Expanded degree of divulgence in the budget summaries may influence the nature of detailed income. As indicated by exposure framework which set at top notch standard ives speculator trust in the validity of monetary revealing. On the off chance that more divulgence is required, any endeavor to oversee profit can be all the more effortlessly distinguished and tended to by the inside oversight bodies (governing body and examiners) in an organization. The utilization of global bookkeeping measures in advancing different players in the capltal market can De a decent cnolce Tor creating countrles tnat try to advance better than average working of their capital markets. To acceptably satisfy their job in the assessment and financing of organizations and in the advancement of different segments of conomic action, recorded organizations need to convey great money related data . Since overall reception of IFRS would make a typical language for bookkeeping, new capital markets would open to organizations who have been announcing just as per their national gauges. Correspondence of money related data assists with constraining the issues related with data asymmetry and sets up an atmosphere of trust in the capital market system. This thus demonstrations to urge various on-screen characters to make more exchanges. IFRS would permit the fiscal reports to be in a straightforward, nderstandable, and normalized position for financial specialists and different organizations who are keen on the firm. An examination which directed by Center for Audit Quality on July in the United States shows that sixty-two percent of financial specialists concur that the formation of a solitary, uniform, worldwide arrangement of bookkeeping norms would give them a more elevated level of certainty . By and large, intermingling to IFRS gives numerous advantages, for example, upgrading equivalence as an organization money related report can without much of a stretch contrasted with another, expanding worldwide speculation course through straightforwardness, diminishing expense of capital hrough worldwide venture opportunity, rising budgetary announcing proficiency and improving monetary revealing quality by bringing down the opportunity to do acquiring the executives practice. Be that as it may, regardless of the idealistic desires put on IFRS combination, the truth appears to be increasingly hazy. Past examination which have considered the connection between IFRS selection and market conduct has seen an assortment of results, for moment Horton and Serafeim which explore showcase response to IFRS and valuation of IFRS compromise change, their investigation coming about a negative anomalous return for firms eporting negative income compromise, obligatory IFRS appropriation adjusts financial specialists convictions about stock pri

Benefits Of Distributed Leadership Education Essay Free Essays

string(125) Ruler areas that understudies ‘ driving is generally practiced in the â€Å" prefectorial framework † ( 1973:141 ) . Administration is non all down to the Head educator, the caput of area or, in the schoolroom the teacher. In the event that it is, figure is larning anything at all about driving. The primary guideline about driving is that it is shared. We will compose a custom paper test on Advantages Of Distributed Leadership Education Essay or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now † ( Brighouse and Woods, 1999:45 ) Most every now and again authoritative driving is seen as not the same as any sorts of driving in school. The capacities may be diverse since most administrative capacities are finished outside the schoolrooms while teachers ‘ driving is practiced inside the schoolroom. By the by in school, educators, chiefs, Learning Support Assistants ( LSAs ) , guardians and students would all be able to cooperate towards the advancement of Distributed Leadership ( DL ) . That is the reason Sergiovanni states that, â€Å" If driving is an example shared by numerous so it must be disseminated among the individuals who are in the privilege topographic point at the correct clasp and among the individuals who have the capacity. † ( 2006:189-190 ) In this development, writing will be sorted out and centered round the undermentioned requests: What are the advantages of dispersed driving in an auxiliary school? What exactly degree is driving common among all partners in Sunflower School? How far can direct driving encourage securing? How adequate to the schools ‘ improvement and achievement can regulate driving be? What are the advantages of appropriated driving in an auxiliary school? An effective pioneer is named such, when s/he figures out how to influence others in the methodology of driving. Blending to Sergiovanni, when principals parcel driving, they â€Å" get more force consequently † ( 2006:185 ) . DL other than empowers those included to build up their ain driving achievements. With DL, Principals are helping their colleagues by climbing their affirmation, and to do their ain conclusions ( Nicholls, 2000 ) . As of late, Mifsud found that â€Å" Maltese Heads practice shared dynamic to ensure boundless possession † ( 2008:7 ) . In this manner all school personnel ( Teachers and LSAs ) will go progressively autonomous, while remaining with the School Development Plan ( SDP ) and course of study. Imparting prompting all partners includes offering clasp to achieve great results ( Brighouse and Woods, 1999 ) . The â€Å" unadulterated † kind of collegiality ( Bush, 1995:52 ) works its best, when the foundation is framed by a little figure of staff. Having a major figure of instructing staff will surely do DL hard. Despite the fact that in our school ‘s setting we have a major figure of staff, DL can in any case work since the school personnel is separated into littler gatherings. In like manner, Brighouse and Woods state that, â€Å" The lit tler the school or learning unit, the additionally driving, each piece great as work, can be shared † ( 1999:45 ) . Fitting to Leithwood et Al DL causes educators to be happy with their work, builds their â€Å" feeling of polished methodology † , invigorates â€Å" authoritative change † , expands effectiveness and empowers â€Å" cross-cooperations † between instructing staff ( 1999:115 ) . Albeit, Blase and Blase contend that intrusting educators with self-self-rule and strengthening makes them experience â€Å" fulfilled, inspired and sure † and they are probably going to give their farthest in their occupation ( 1994:29 ) ; this occasionally may other than take the school personnel to overmaster the Principal like it occurs in our school. However, Blase and Kirby ( 1992 ) found that when educators are enabled through freedom, their perspectives and open introduction will obtain better. Moreover, in any event, when driving is shared among instructing staff and understudies, this makes a demeanor of respect between them, especially when they are so straight included. Having a popularity based pioneer gets mindful got notification from auxiliaries, which in curve will other than help better connections. At the point when teachers working in fair schools yet had old encounters in different schools which have imperious pioneers were met Blase and Blase ( 1994 ) reasoned that educators ‘ schoolroom freedom empower them to hold class control. A bossy way called by Brighouse and Woods â€Å" north post north shaft driving † will take educators to work to oversee and nil more ( 1999:51 ) . Interestingly holding a law based way called â€Å" north shaft south post † where driving is shared among all partners, will â€Å" open huge rushs of vitality and endeavor among experts † ( Brighouse and Woods: 1999:51 ) . They other than contend, that sharing driving will mitigate Heads sort out some driving accentuation. In this way DL, prompts sharing of obligation which will non remain a heap on the Head ‘s shoulders. Until late, fitting to Cauchi Cuschieri ( 2007 ) , driving in Maltese Church Secondary Schools was viewed as the Head educator ‘s occupation. B e that as it may, the way utilized today is considerably more DL among partners. In our school this is non the occasion, since from its introduction, it was accepted that DL empowers sharing contemplations and obligation which in the long run prompts the school ‘s advancement. Duke et Al, ( 1980 ) built up, that the school is fair one when the school personnel, is engaged with the strategy of assurance concocting. In like manner, Blase and Blase contend that â€Å" expanding educator course to assurance formulating is basic to approving teachers † ( 1994:33 ) . In addition, Churchfields optional school review appears, that teachers feel the interest to participate in the school ‘s course as it gives better results in the assurance conceiving system ( Bush, 1995 ) . At last, when an assurance is taken, it is the school personnel ‘s obligation to set it energetically. Thus, being included leads the staff to do an assurance ( Bush, 1995 ) . Rivalland ( 1989 refered to in Wolfendale 1992:57 ) presents a figure of advantages that can be accomplished from parental commitment in schools: They work for a superior securing condition since it is for their ain child ‘s contribution ; Whatever is should have been done in school, and whatever guardians can make, they do it and they offer themselves as HR to the school ; They make the larning association among schools and students ‘ a few spots ; With their quality in school, they will go aware of what the school needs from clasp to cut. In spite of the fact that, Wolfendale ( 1992 ) contends, that holding guardians engaged with the overview and planning of school ‘s conduct and subject arrangement will give a decent outcome ; this may non be relevant in our school since it appears that the Parents and Teachers Association ( PTA ) handles simply cultural issues and individual worries of guardians. Be that as it may, this will be researched along these lines on in this review. Lord areas that students ‘ driving is to a great extent practiced in the â€Å" prefectorial framework † ( 1973:141 ) . Nonetheless, this does non appear to be the solitary answer for our school, since driving is other than practiced through the students ‘ committee. The facts demonstrate that a definitive obligation of dynamic in schools is in the authorities of the Principal. Be that as it may, as Frost claims â€Å" Schools can other than be enhanced by understudies ‘ parts to dynamic and course of study improvement † ( 2008:356 ) . Moreover, when students are counseled in specific undertakings, for example, money they are instructed â€Å" a portion of the troublesome exercises of popular government † ( Colgate, 1976:123 ) . Consuls and gathering individuals are students exceptionally picked to aid school control and assurance conceiving. In the event that their task is effective they may other than work as capacity hypothetical records for different understudies ( King, 1973 ) . In spite of the considerable number of advantages of influencing all partners, one needs to express that collegiality is an extraordinary movement since it involves work after school hours. Moreover, Smylie and Denny ( 1990 ) contend that the commitment of the school personnel in driving might be cut eating up and may hold an outcome on the students ‘ requests. The clasp for planning and the help assigned for these maps are non bounty, contends White ( 1992 ) . These employments make DL all the more difficult to win. Anyway since all school personnel in our school have free periods during the twenty-four hours, this may non be work. Adding to this, holding a major figure of members may make employments in conveying, in any event, when holding a wide extent of various situations from all members ( Bush, 1995 ) . Whatever degree is driving common among all partners in Sunflower School? Authority is non a one grown-up male occupation, in light of the fact that to be fruitful this must be shared. Moyo composes that: â€Å" The develop of conveyed driving is the idea of sharing driving among all partners. These partners, as expressed prior incorporate caput educators, in the middle of pioneers, teachers, guardians and understudies. † ( 2010:25 ) â€Å" It is non driving if an individual requests, requires, tempts, or compromises another ‘s congruity, † ( Sergiovanni, 2006:192 ) . So evident driving is the point at which it is shared among each one of those holding the capacity to be associated with it. Thus, Brighouse and Woods accentuate that: â€Å" One individual might be ‘key ‘ however driving is shared †among understudies, educators and other staff and individuals from the network † ( 1999:48 ) . Likewise, Leithwood et Al ( 1999 ) alludes to DL as a cardinal segment of numerous SDPs. Until late the Head educator in Maltese schools was viewed as the school ‘s extreme approval (

Machende

c)Is there proof for showcase disappointments or government disappointments in the arrangement of open administrations, merit products and control of fault merchandise in Sub-Saharan Africa? Examine (30 imprints) Market disappointment is a condition wherein private markets don't achieve the allotment of assets that best fulfills society’s needs. Government disappointments are wasteful aspects of the open area. Open products are merchandise that would not be given in the free market framework, since firms would not be satisfactorily charge for them.Merit products are products that are regarded as essential for utilization by the state and whenever left to the private part just, such merchandise would be under-expended . Fault products are merchandise and ventures whose utilization is viewed as unfortunate, debasing or in any case socially bothersome because of the apparent negative impacts on the shoppers. Such merchandise are regarded as superfluous for utilization by the stat e. The greater part of the nations in the Sub-Saharan Africa like Zimbabwe, Zambia and South Africa are working under a blended economy. A free-advertise all alone can’t best assign assets in a most ideal manner that fulfills the society.Market disappointments would emerge as the undetectable hand all alone can’t give enough to the general public. S d1 Qp a c d2 Costs and advantages Output External advantage Welfare misfortune since merit merchandise will in general be under devoured by the free market b Qs 0 Merit products give externalities however whenever left entirely to the private division, all things considered, merit products will be under expended. In most Sub-Saharan African nations, for example, Zimbabwe, Namibia and Zambia, the private area gives training at significant expenses which brings about the under-utilization of the good.Most Governments regularly give merit products to free however when considering Sub-Saharan African nations, this has not been practically speaking, for example, state funded schools in Burkina Faso have since been encountering high charges of expenses. This regularly brings about government assistance misfortune as delineated by the chart underneath: Welfare misfortune brought about by under-utilization of legitimacy merchandise As appeared by the graph above, under-utilization of legitimacy products in Sub-Sahara Africa brings about the loss of government assistance of ABC. Also, merit merchandise are regularly given by the state, in this manner, to expand utilization of legitimacy products, the state needs to build spending on such goods.This has been essentially incomprehensible for most Sub-Saharan African nations as they have no motivating force for spending on merit merchandise. For example, nations, for example, Somalia, Burundi and Uganda. In most Sub-Saharan African nations the imperceptible hand and the state have since neglected to control the utilization of bad mark merchandise. The utilization of fault goodscan lead to negative externalities which causes a fall in social government assistance. The free-showcase regularly neglects to control the utilization of bad mark products as it might neglect to consider the negative externalities of utilization (social expense surpasses private cost).This might be because of flawed data as data is a ware that expenses to acquire. For instance, strategies for passing on data to clients is preferably poor in Africa over in European nations. Moreover, Governments may neglect to control utilization of negative mark products because of various reasons. For instance, the administration may choose to mediate in the market for the guideline of bad mark products and force burdens on makers or shoppers. This frequently raises costs and may deliver hindering impacts to the economy like swelling in the long-run.This may limit government from taking such choices . In South Africa, there has been a proposition for the boycott of commercial of liq uor however it has been a disappointment since numerous liquor delivering organizations have been liable for supporting most brandishing exercises. Expenses and advantages Social cost External costs {negative externalities} Private costs Limited data full data D2 D1 0 Failure to manage utilization of negative mark merchandise brings about government assistance misfortune. This is represented beneath: Output Q1 Q2 Q3 Welfare misfortune because of unregulated utilization of demeritsAs appeared over, the social ideal degree of utilization would be q3, a yield that considers the data disappointment of customers and furthermore negative externalities. There are additionally some administration disappointments in Sub-Saharan Africa. Governments are granting appropriations to firms yet this may shield wasteful firms from rivalry and make obstructions to section at new firms since costs are kept falsely low. Appropriations and different types of help by the legislatures cause moral danger. Most Sub-Saharan African nations are financing firms that produce manure as a method of accomplishing long haul food securities.This makes obstructions new firms which should deliver composts, as they can’t withstand the opposition because of low creation costs delighted in by the current firms. All the more along these lines, there is proof of government disappointment brought about by lease chasing. Most Governments in the Sub-Saharan nations are responsible for controlling regular assets. This makes hindrances passage in ventures that require the utilization of regular assets like minerals. The legislature will presently be a restraining infrastructure in that industry and it might neglect to designate assets in the most socially attractive manner.Most Sub-Saharan nations are as yet creating they are bureaucratic which is extremely delayed in dynamic. This makes most governments be wasteful as it requires some investment for firms and foundations to be given the authorizat ion to deliver merchandise and enterprises. Such merchandise and enterprises may be legitimacy or open products and ventures. For instance, the choice to permit Econet in Zimbabwe was moderate implying that it would prefer to take long for Zimbabwean residents to appreciate the media transmission administrations to be offered by Econet.In Zimbabwe there is out of line appropriation of some legitimacy products like training, for example, colleges or tertiary instruction organizations. In Manicaland there are no state colleges when contrasted with different areas, for example, Mashonaland, Masvingo, Midlands and Matebeleland. Instances of such colleges in the supported districts incorporate University of Zimbabwe, Midlands States University and others. With regards to the administration arrangement of open administrations in nations like Zimbabwe, there is an inconsistent conveyance of such services.For occasion, government officials may utilize reserves which ought to be appointed to create open administrations to battle. In this way they may build spending on open products and ventures in certain districts to the detriment of different areas in an offer to increase political millage in such locales. Nonetheless, the legislatures of Sub-Saharan African nations have not totally neglected to offer open types of assistance, merit products and control of bad mark however have interceded in revising market disappointments. Some Sub-Saharan African nations have been effective in forbidding the utilization and importation of cocaine which is a destructive drug.They are additionally controlling the utilization of different medications like cannabis . A few governments have likewise been enhancing the arrangement of open administrations, for example, street systems. For example, streets in South Africa are in an ideal situation. South Africa and Nigeria have additionally been sponsoring the creation of legitimacy products like instruction. To comprehend disappointments, for example, under-utilization of legitimacy products, for example, training, the Governments of Sub-Saharan African nations can expand use or spending on such administrations. For instance, the development of increasingly instructive institutions.In Zimbabwe, there is a present task that is running the development of a college in Manicaland (to be named Manicaland State University). The equivalent can likewise to open help use by the Governments of these nations. Zimbabwe is presently experiencing the development of a double carriage path from Mutare to Harare. This mirrors an expansion in use on open administrations. Taking everything into account, there is proof of market disappointment as reflected by Government intercession. In any case, the administrations of Sub-Saharan African nations may likewise flop as talked about above.

Development and new trend of holography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Improvement and new pattern of holography - Essay Example It can allude to either the encoded objects or the subsequent picture. A holographic picture can be seen shinning a laser through a multi dimensional image and anticipating the reflection onto a presentation or by investigating a lit-up holographic print. A visualization has all the earmarks of being an indefinable example of whorls and stripes, at the same time, once shone on by an intelligible light, for example, by a laser bar, it arranges the light into a three-dimensional picture of the essential article (Hannes and Michael, 2008). Holography is established on the standard of obstruction, whereby, the induction design between at least two beams of a rational light, that is a laser light, is caught by a multi dimensional image. Here, a solitary beam is lit up straightforwardly on the chronicle mean and work as a source of perspective to the light scattered from the lit-up scene. Subsequently, the visualization catches a pillar as it intrigues the whole piece of film, which clarifies its portrayal as a window with memory. A holographic film physical medium is very photosensitive that incorporates a fine grains structure. The absolute most utilized materials incorporate dichromate gelatins, photopolymers and silver-halide emulsions and all have shifting attributes and involve divergent handling (Hannes and Michael, 2008). A 3D image is the reported impedance example of helpful, force tops, and ruinous, end, of the concealed light wave fronts known as the electromagnetic field. With a reasonable light source and a positive geometry or a short heartbeat period, the obstruction design is at a stands till and, subsequently, can be recorded into the hologram’s photosensitive suspension. Thereafter, the visualization is synthetically evolved to a point where the suspension obtains a balanced thickness, which freezes the surmising design into borders. While watching the balanced structure under a magnifying instrument, it seems diverse in contrast with the picture encoded inside. The thickness borders are a dissipated example of wave front

Slang Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Slang - Essay Example In spite of the fact that there are no strict, social and monetary hindrances that may confine its utilization, the strictly moderate believe sex as being too genuine to ever be depicted in this manner freely. This expression is for the most part utilized by the young and in less conventional settings and crowd, for example, amusement. Due to its overwhelming sexual meanings and indication, the word is for the most part utilized by the develop youth who are as of now explicitly dynamic. There are no class limitations that may repress the utilization of this expression yet strict moderates keep up reservations towards the word. This expression has solid sexual meanings and undertones, in this manner confining it to the develop youth. Once more, this gathering may utilize it only as language register (getting it far from those outside their groups of friends). This expression cuts over every monetary partition, however its utilization is less well known among the ultra-strict. This action word state is generally utilized by the experienced youth. Its old profile has avoided adolescent use. The expression cuts over every single monetary separation however neglects to infiltrate the ultra-strict because of it being an untouchable word. The expression is utilized in casual settings and within the sight of energetic crowd that is additionally part of the speaker’s informal organization. This abbreviation is commonest among the adolescent and has just invaded young people through electronic media, particularly the Internet. The word saturates every single social class yet remains broadly unaccepted among Christians since its last starting is a no-no word and an interjection. The crowd is for the most part the young and the crowd is casual. The utilization of this word saturates every financial class and ages, with certain Christians being the special case. This is on the grounds that Christians consider the utilization of the word as commensurate to piddling with God’s name and an offense of the Third Commandment. The word is generally utilized in a casual setting and crowd, especially in on the web

Tennysons Impressionistic Language of Wisdom in In Memoriam XCV - Literature Essay Samples

Throughout Alfred Tennysons In Memoriam, the speaker (assumed to be the poet himself) battles with the grief and confusion caused by the untimely death of his friend Arthur Henry Hallam. Over the course of the poem, indeed over the seventeen years it took for Tennyson to complete it, the reader witnesses Tennysons personal maturation and growth. As a young man he is seeking concrete knowledge and yearning for impossible physical contact; later, he recognizes the abstract wisdom of uncertainty. Tennysons language throughout the poem echoes this development. By the poems climax, section XCV, the author is finally able to accept doubt and become comfortable with the abstract and inexplicable.Tennysons impressionistic use of language in section XCV of In Memoriam enables him to convey his otherwise inexpressible, trance-like experience. Unlike many of the previous sections of the poem, in which Tennyson explicitly and assuredly states what he feels and what he wants to express, here he uses lyrical language of the lyric to finally embrace uncertainty and the wisdom that comes with it. His poetic techniques and careful use of language transform matter-moulded forms of speech (46) into perfectly appropriate vague words (45) that convey his supra-rational experience.The style Tennyson adapts and the poetic devices he uses in this section affect the reader on a level that is both sub- and supra-rational. The supra-rational is a concept with which Tennyson had felt intimately familiar since boyhood. He often refers to it as the Absolute Reality in his diaries. Instead of experiencing and expressing life as most people do and as he had done previously, in XCV Tennyson removes any rational aspect of the experience, leaving only the high and low extremes sensation and sublime perception. Alan Sinfield calls this bipolar approach working on the edge[s] of human experience, saying that Tennyson tries to preserve the simultaneity and equality of the impressions which compose [the inexplicable] (Language 106), that is, the impressions gathered from the sub- and supra-rational. Tennyson must eschew the intellect both to understand and to communicate his trance: it is not needed for experiencing intangible emotion, and it is incapable of anything but detraction from the sublime. It follows that Tennyson, in appealing to these qualities that the reader senses as Platonic forms only existent but fuzzy, clearly existing in another plane but impossible to understand uses traditionally nonsensical lingual constructs. Throughout most of the poem Tennyson uses regular language and grammatical structure that appeals at least in part to the intellect. When he feels he is unable to communicate through language, he simply states that fact. In section LIV he calls himself an infant crying in the night with no language but a cry (19-20). At other times he says that Measured language [is a] sad mechanic exercise (V.6-7), and that Truth in closest words s hall fail (XXXVI.6). He repeats this lament so often in the early parts of the poem that Schad goes so far as to call In Memoriam an elegy not only for Hallam, but for the language that Tennyson has lost (171). Since he is rooted in a world of knowledge and a search for the concrete, the young Tennyson feels compelled to quantify and catalogue his inability to communicate. He strives for facts, and hates himself for his doubt. As time passes, Tennyson matures and his ideas evolve. Eventually, aided by the climactic trance of XCV, he realizes that to achieve the innermost essence of spiritual awareness (Sinfield, Language 71), he should strive for wisdom, which he recognizes as nonfactual and vague. The ability to do this was something he had always admired in Hallam, whom he calls bold to dwell / On doubts that drive the coward back, / And keen thro wordy snares to track / Suggestion to her inmost cell (29-32). When Tennyson finally opens himself, and through him the reader, to a creative fusion allowing the senses to mix and passions to meet without fearful consequences, he [recognizes] the value of wisdom as compared to mere knowledge, and [accepts] mystery (Dunn 145). His new desire for amorphous wisdom merges with the familiar yearning for Hallam, and together they make up his new vague desire (LXXX, 1).With Tennysons shift to seeking wisdom over knowledge comes a shift from lamenting his inability to express himself to showing that inexpressibility, thus effectively communicating it after all. This shift is what marks section XCV as the climax of In Memoriam. In an analogous, slightly ironic shift, many of Tennysons earlier subjunctive verbs begin to change to the indicative mood in XCV (Sinfield, That Which Is 251). The subjunctive mood by definition carried with it doubt and uncertainty, even though Tennyson was seeking knowledge and surety at the time. Now the verbs become indicative, showing his newfound comfort and acceptance of the suret y of uncertainty.Once Tennyson has come to terms with the uncertainty inherent in wisdom, he is able to fully and impressionistically express his trance. In doing so he merges his soul not only with Hallams and the Absolute, but also with the reader, who now fully appreciates the situation and Tennysons feelings. It is clear that Tennyson feels united with the entire universe rather than with just Hallam, as he characterizes the trance by saying The living soul was flashd on mine (36), a revision of an earlier manuscripts His living soul. Finally Tennyson stops worrying about the vagueness of words and the difficulty memory presents to the intellect, and we find XCV achieving the imaginative vision that it explores (Dunn 137).Tennysons language in XCV is carefully constructed so as to be as indistinct in form as it is in meaning. He couples imagery with notoriously nonsensical figures of speech to reach the readers sub-rational senses through synaesthesia, pathetic fallacy and p ersonification, and repetition. Synaesthesia, a confused, mixed up idea in itself, runs throughout the section, reflecting Tennysons mental state. He hears the fluttering of the fire in the urn in line eight. Fire is often seen or felt, and perhaps heard crackling, but fluttering flames are never heard. Scent is not smelled in the poem, but seen to move while simultaneously being described as still, while the other-worldly breeze fluctuates the perfume of line fifty-six. Numerous senses seem to mingle and meld in the final stanzas of the section, carried along and supernaturally altered by the ethereal breeze. Pathetic fallacy, personification, and projections upon nature of both Tennyson and Hallam are frequent in the poem. The reader gets the sense throughout that the night and the breeze are benevolent, as opposed to earlier nights that had been harsh and hostile. Bats, which often have negative connotations, playfully wheel around in the fragrant skies (9), and the calm (5) of the evening leaves candles to burn peacefully. Trees lay down their dark arms (16, 52). After the trance the pathetic fallacy is quite apparent: the dusk is now doubtful (49), the breeze trembles (54), and the breaking day will be boundless, like the liberated souls of Hallam and Tennyson now are. Even the lights in the final stanza mix just as Tennysons overwhelming senses do. The repetition of the lines The white kine glimmerd, and the trees / Laid their dark arms about the field (15-16; 51-52) mirror the natural power and emotion that continually wash over Tennyson, and the repetition also reflects how the cows and trees have picked up new meaning and carry more magic now that Tennyson has experienced the Absolute.Tennyson uses language to communicate the sublime aspects of his experience through syntax and grammar, polysyndeton, and abstract concepts. The overall arrangement of the words, clauses, and images does a great deal towards imparting the feeling of an encou nter with the Absolute. In fact, much of the section consists of a series of images, made up of incomplete sentences. The opening segments have an especially high concentration of these clauses, exemplified by the first stanzas images and heavy caesuras: underfoot the herb was dry; / And genial warmth; and oer the sky / The silvery haze of summer drawn. The second stanza continues in similar fashion. This way of conveying the images, with the mind and senses being barraged again and again before they can even fully take in the first impact, allows for a disjointed, yet unified, impression that regular sentences cannot produce. As Shaw puts it, The strongly marked caesuras at the end of the lines and clauses prepare for a contraction and silencing of thought as the grammatical units simultaneously attach to and separate from the units that precede (75). Though the most pronounced series of such images appears at the beginning, they are found throughout the poem as well. They r ecur again after Tennysons trance has ended in the final four stanzas, almost every line presents another image. Polysyndeton plays a major role in making this technique work, and XCV is sprinkled with superfluous conjunctions. Sixteen of the lines actually start with the word and, and there are there are at least that many instances of the word used internally. This polysyndeton emphasizes the series of images and Tennysons inability to directly express his excess of overwhelming emotion. In the closing stanzas, the ands, along with many monosyllabic verbs, act as rivets that directly or indirectly join together many paired images. We see couples of trees (the sycamore and the elm), flowers (the roses and the lilies), and the lights from the east and the west, all melded with one another as well as with the supernatural breeze that blows through it all (Shaw 77). Finally, Tennyson uses language to convey the supra-reality by embracing abstract concepts. He is ready to forsa ke knowledge and to strive for wisdom, and along with wisdom Hallam and the Absolute. This is especially fitting, since Hallam was famed among his friends in part for being such an eloquent speaker. Through his language, Tennyson attempts to take a step towards the quasi-mystic union where the spirit of Hallam is mixed with God and Nature (XXX) (Puckett 112).All of the sensations evoked by nature and the Absolute that suffuse Tennysons scene, combined with the leaves that bring happy memories of Hallam whether they are indeed Hallams old letters or leaves fallen from a tree is irrelevant cause a trance in which Tennyson is wound, and whirld / About empyreal heights of thought (37-8), and in which he [comes] upon that which is (39). That which is is best interpreted as Platos absolute, and Tennysons Absolute Reality (Sinfield, That Which Is 249). With these lines and images, Tennyson brings into his poem even more than he explicitly shows himself, with the allusions to Plato an d Dantes famous circular Paradise adding more color for the familiar reader. Tennysons merger with the universe is completed when he [catches] / The deep pulsations of the world (40), and hears Aeonian music measuring out / The steps of Time the shocks of Chance / The blows of Death (41-3). He has achieved true wisdom, and is suddenly mingling with the living soul (36), which is both Hallams and Realitys.In section XCV of In Memoriam, Tennyson manages to attain wisdom and doubt and to convey them through language that illustrates uncertainty while bombarding the reader with sub- and supra-rational feeling that is beyond the reach of the intellect and regular sensible speech. This skillful use of language lends credence to the fantastic experience that Tennyson himself, when he tries, can only describe as occurring strangely and strange and strangely (25-8). Tennysons preternatural experience is strikingly clear to him, and he manages to express it through common, earthly words with which he paints a pictorial vagueness that [makes] the mystical real to us (Sinfield, Language 71).

Video Review Essay - 275 Words

Video Review (Essay Sample) Content: Students NameInstructors NameCourse TitleSubmission DateVideo Review People often misunderstand each others which results in conflict and loss of properties. In institutions and organizations where there are many people, there is a need of a good communication schedule that keeps everybody moving in one direction. Effective communication is the key to success in everything ranging from marriages, schools, organizations, and parastatals to the international affairs; thus good and effective communication is vital for a developmental progress. In our daily lives, as we interact with other people especially with our friends, we need to pay close attention to the communication elements and essentials. Knowing the timing and the relevant details of successful communication and the right respondents is crucial in effective communication. In this paper, we will analyze a video clip on the organizational communication by Matt Koschmann and relate its content to our daily lives . In the video, Koschmann compares an organizational communication to water in a can. By this, he states that water will take the shape of the can in which it is put. Generally, the ways people live reflect their communication capabilities and their directions. Daily, people invent new methods of handling issues and communicating. The direction and the shape of communication determine the results. It is better to be aware of the kind of respondents of the information one is about to give in order to choose the approach and the form of communication to be used. This video relates to the daily lives of human beings in that sometimes we misunderstand the information given, just because the one who communicated it did not have a clear setting. The content of the recipients should be clearly set, and the sender of the information should know the context of the recipient well in order not to confuse him/her. Koschmann describes how different people interpret the same message or the same k ind of information. Clarity of information in the organization is a key element that cannot be ignored. However, the different characters and cognitive capabilities of the individuals in the organization need to be understood well before transmitting the information. The communicator must first present the information in such a manner that different people will not misinterpret it. In real life, people, especially the influential individuals in the society, should take into consideration the context of the whole community; while giving out reports and information, they should organize them in a way that everyone understands. The information should be constructive such that every respondent will be able to interpret it and get the right message. In cases of any misunderstanding, these people will be able to freely ask questions knowing what they need. It is a well known fact that organizations are communicative. The reason behind this is the things and elements used to build up the o rganization. It is required to have a perfect communication in order to make these things work in the right manner and direction. Our real life is made up of different people; some are hard to understand while some are easy. In order to get in line and live happily without conflicts, there should be better communication protocols, and passage of information should be made clear and precise for all to understand and implement it. Effective communication is essential in everyday lives as it enables people to bond effectively. Just like the organizations, people need to make everything in their relations clear and understand each other well. Good communication helps solve problems at home. Upon having good, clear, and precisely planned communication channels, there is no need for usage of masculinity and femininity in the organizations. People do not have to force things aro...

Fahrenheit 451 Essay On Knowledge - 1532 Words

â€Å"Knowledge is more than equivalent to force!† As understood by Dr. Samuel Johnson, knowledge has an immense power and vast potential. Something as seemingly simplistic as the understanding of the concept of knowledge is often underestimated, it not only has the ability to help individuals, but hurt them. Though it is not physical, it has the capacity to cause more pain than any weapon, but simultaneously heal the deepest of wounds. Knowledge is defined as the awareness of or familiarity with a concept, gained through experience, fact or situation. In the novel Fahrenheit 451 knowledge refers to being aware of the society you live in, it s flaws and it’s successes as well as the control media now has over the population. It is the†¦show more content†¦With technology is where Mildred finds herself feeling most at home. Through her family in the walls and her â€Å"Seashells† she is ignorant to the society around her. The first introduction of Mildre d is her being passed out, with the shells in her ears when Montag arrives home. For the first time, Montag is slightly more enlightened on the world around him, as ideas such as dew on the grass in the morning, the existence of a man in the moon, and his own happiness are introduced to him by a seventeen year old girl named Clarisse. These ideas are the first taste Guy has of true knowledge, and the effects of the information are seen through his relationship with Mildred. Towards the beginning of the novel, this separation is minor, and manageable. Guy attempts to discuss the events of the night prior, which included his wife’s overdose, and his concern for her. While he discussed his concerns â€Å"She was quite obviously waiting for him to go. â€Å"I didn t do that,† she said. â€Å"Never in a billion years.† (Bradbury 17) This, is the first instance where we Andersen 3 see Mildred’s frustration with Guy over his knowledge. She is angered by his ideas as she does not understand how she is being controlled by the media around her,and has no memory of the event happening. Her lack of interest in anything but media causes her to push Guy away further, insulting him and complaining about their lack of a fourth parlour wall, saying that It s only two thousand dollars, [and]Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 875 Words   |  4 PagesGiridhar Batra Ross-1 Aug 29. 2014 Fahrenheit 451 Essay The Role of Technology as a Theme in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 The average person in our society spends 7-8 hours a day(The Washington Post) using technology; that is stuff like television, video games, surfing the web, etc. Let that set in; that’s a long time. Our society procrastinates also is constantly distracted by technology like no other. We are practically glued to technology; before we become slaves of technology we must changeRead MoreFahrenheit 451 - Power of Books1470 Words   |  6 PagesTHE POWER OF BOOKS ESSAY Guy Montag’s â€Å"crime against society†, was that he understood the power of books. Fahrenheit 451 (1953), written by Ray Bradbury depicts a dystopian society which, due to the absence of books, discourages intellect and punishes free-will. As receptacles of knowledge, books give human beings a unique power, as they encourage and nurture intellect and understanding. The intellectual metamorphosis that Montag undergoes renders him aware of this fact, making him anRead MoreThe Wave And Fahrenheit 451972 Words   |  4 PagesPower can be a hazardous undertaking. The Wave and Fahrenheit 451 are both books that also shows that when you give one person the authority over everyone and everyone else is seen as equal, then no one will have their own thoughts. Fahrenheit 451 also shows just how dangerous power can be. The two books may seem improbable of ever happening in today’s world but, they might be closer than you thought. The instability of social dominance is abundantly clear in both these books. The Wave clearly showsRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Ray Bradbury1077 Words   |  5 PagesFahrenheit 451: Ray Bradbury An Annotated Bibliography Johnston, Amy E. Boyle. â€Å"Ray Bradbury: Fahrenheit 451 Misinterpreted.† L.A. Weekly, 4 Apr. 2016, Http://Www.laweekly.com/News/Ray-Bradbury-Fahrenheit-451-Misinterpreted-2149125. This article is about the author having an interview with Ray Bradbury about how people are mistreated because they was been kept uninformed and ignorant about censorship when its really about technology destroying the use ofRead MoreInsider in Fahrenheit 451 and Extra, a Thousand Years of Good Prayers1646 Words   |  7 Pagesperson in part of the society. They obey and converge in the social value which set up by the government. In both Fahrenheit 451 and A thousand years of good prayers, we see that there is several of characters absorb the knowledge and social value. These characters are under controlled and they find it is a right way in obeying the structure of the society. ‘Outsider’ in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury represents to the main character Montag and other characters such as Clarisse, Faber, the woman burntRead MoreHow Does Montag Change In Fahrenheit 4511163 Words   |  5 PagesFahrenheit 451 Essay In the novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, there is a story of the character Guy Montag who is a fireman in a dystopian society, a society in which people get entertainment from giant TVs they call â€Å"Parlor Walls† and houses have been deemed fireproof. Since fireman do not need to run around and eliminate fires, they start them. The job of a fireman in this dystopian society is that they burn books and the places that contain them, all the while being the official censorsRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Critical Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Lintang Syuhada 13150024 Book Report 1 Fahrenheit 451 Critical Essay Human beings are naturally curious. We are always in search of better ideas, and new solutions to problems. One of a basic idea of Indonesia has been freedom of thinking and a free flow of ideas. But in some societies, governments try to keep their people ignorant. Usually, this is so governments can keep people under control and hold on to their power. In trying to keep people from the realities of the world, these oppressiveRead MoreAnalysing Movies that Have to Do with Marxism, Panopticism and Globalization1693 Words   |  7 Pagesrapidly growing dependence on technology, and the possibility of the world entering into a cyber-capitalist era. The ideas of importance in this essay are as follows: Marxism, Panopticism, and Globalization. The movies that shall be examined, in relation to the ideas listed above, are as follows: Beijing Bicycle, The Hunger Games, and Fahrenheit 451. Capitalism, the embodiment of the American dream, is the idea of personal property and the pursui t of personal wealth; but, is Capitalism truly whatRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511410 Words   |  6 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, published in 1953 by Ballantine Books, rose to fame quickly and surely as a grandfather of the dystopian genre. A year after its release, Greg Conklin of Galaxy Science Fiction named the novel, â€Å"among the great works of the imagination written in English in the last decade or more† (Conklin). The Chicago Sunday Tribune s August Derleth called it a shockingly savage prophetic view of one possible future way of life, while honoring Bradbury in sight of his brilliantRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Essay1046 Words   |  5 PagesFahrenheit 451 Synthesis Essay In the book Fahrenheit 451, author Ray Bradbury describes a futuristic society in which it is normal for an average individual to shun and absolutely loathe books. The main character, Guy Montag, works as a fireman, and his job description consists of burning books instead of preventing fires. Television is a major topic in this book, and for the most part, is portrayed as an extremely obsessive and deleterious item. Today, in American society however, television

The Halloween Storm of the Century in 1991

The Perfect Storm was a rare monster storm with an unnamed hurricane in the center of the tempest. The perfect storm was a nickname given  to this storm by Bob Case, a retired NOAA meteorologist. The storm began as an extratropical low on October 28, 1991 and became famous as author Sebastian Junger profiled the sinking of the swordfishing boat the ​Andrea Gail in the novel The Perfect Storm. The storm would eventually produce 100-foot ​rogue waves. October Weather Conditions In October, most of the United States moves towards the cold winter months as the country slowly cools down from the summer heat. Ocean water has a high heat capacity meaning the landmasses of North America cool at a more rapid rate than the ocean waters. The heat retained in the Atlantic will often create massive storms in the still-warm waters. Because air masses retain the characteristics of their source, the continental air masses from the cooler land will often meet the maritime air masses of the warmer ocean creating large storms known as a Noreaster. Predicting the Perfect Storm Forecasters had a rough time forecasting this Halloween storm. The storm happened when a high-pressure system, a low-pressure system, and the remnants from Hurricane Grace collided in a trilogy of terror. The resulting waves and high winds hit many parts of the Eastern United States causing the famed sinking of the Andrea Gail and the death of her six passengers. An interesting aspect of the huge system was its retrograde motion (east to west)—not away from the New England Coast, but toward it. Even while New Englanders were enjoying clear bright blue October weather, forecasters were warning of this immense storm. A Rare Weather Event According to Bob Case, the set of meteorological circumstances leading to the storm happen only every 50-100 years. Much like the Fujiwhara Effect, several weather events (detailed at the bottom of the page) did a strange meteorological dance around each other. Storm damage hit as far south as North Carolina, Florida, and the Northern coast of Puerto Rico. The storm caused millions of dollars in damages to beaches and homes, including the seaside Kennebunkport, Maine home of former President George Bush. An Unnamed Hurricane A remarkable event occurred when a hurricane formed inside the Halloween Noreaster. Wind speeds topped 80 mph inside of the intense Halloween storm, making the storm of hurricane strength on the Saffir-Simposon Scale. This particular hurricane was never named as most tropical cyclones are named according to a pre-set list of hurricane names. Instead, it would become known as the Unnamed Hurricane of 1991. The storm finally broke up over Nova Scotia, Canada, on November 2, 1991, and remains only the 8th hurricane never to be named since the naming practice began in the 1950s. Why Wasnt the Hurricane Named? There is a difference between the Halloween Storm of 1991 and the hurricane that formed inside the storm. At the time of the storm, emergency officials and the media were scrambling to get more information on the storm damages and well as any forecasts for future problems. It was decided that the hurricane would be short-lived and should remain unnamed so as not to confuse people. Storm Records Broken Many locations up and down the Atlantic coast saw tide, flood, and storm surge records broken. In Ocean City, Maryland, a record high tide of 7.8 feet occurred beating the old record of 7.5 feet recorded during a March 1962 storm. Damages in Massachusetts topped $100 million dollars. Other specific facts are available from the National Climatic Data Center Damage Summary for the Perfect Storm. Causes of the Storm of the Century Hurricane Grace - On October 27, 1991, Hurricane Grace formed off the coast of Florida. As Grace moved north on October 29, an extratropical cyclone formed over Canada. The counterclockwise motion of this low-pressure zone left a trailing cold front over much of the Northern Atlantic coast. The cold front would later catch up with the dying hurricane. Grace would later make the retrograde turn to the east in response.A Low-Pressure System - The low-pressure system formed over Canada and ran into Hurricane Grace off the coast of Nova Scotia, tearing the already downgraded hurricane apart. There was intense wind shear that acted as a hurricane-breaker, but the low-pressure system absorbed much of the energy of Hurricane Grace. The low-pressure system reached a peak intensity of 972 millibars of pressure and maximum sustained winds of 60 knots on October 30. The later movement of this low-pressure system over warmer 80 degree Gulf Stream waters served to intensify the storm in the same way tropical storms are intensified by warm ocean waters in the tropics.A High-Pressure System - A strong high-pressure center extended from the Gulf of Mexico northeastward along the Appalachians into Greenland. Strong winds were generated from the tight pressure gradient between a strong high high-pressure in eastern Canada (1043 mb) and the surface low.

A Very Brief Biography of William Shakespeare - 1609 Words

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare, man with intelligence, creativity, and with great passion for love, was one of the most prestige playwright, poet, and actor from the British Literature. He contributed his whole life writing some of the finest and well known plays and poems that are still highly valued in the present literary world. Shakespeare’s conventional themes for most of his plays and poems are about universal matters such as love, jealousy, and beauty which were common focus during the Renaissance era. During this period, Shakespeare’s poems, Sonnet 29 and Sonnet 130, demonstrates his views and morals regarding love to convey the theme of triumph of true love over beauty and wealth. William Shakespeare born and raised in â€Å"provincial town of Stratford upon Avon in 1954† to wealthy merchant John Shakespeare and Mary Arden (Ruby198). Being a son of a merchant, he was able to attend one of the finest grammar school in town, The King’s New School, where he co uld attain education under highly qualified tutors which benefited his writing skills. At the age 18, Shakespeare married Ann Hathaway, who was eight years older than him followed by three children. Since Shakespeare’s lyrics are mostly about love, passion and beauty, it is believed by the audience that the lady in his sonnets represents his wife, however, it has been implied that, â€Å"no one can determine to what degree Shakespeare’s personal experiences are reflected in his sonnets† (Hacht 798). HeShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare: A Legendary Author Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s intellectual use of the English language is what brought him prosperity throughout his lifetime, and what brings us to tears and laughter in the modern world. The life of Shakespeare is of great importance to English literature because of his many contributions including poetry, stories, and plays. However, many people do not know that he also owne d a business. â€Å"William Shakespeare was a professional actor, a businessman, and a playwright. Today, nearly four hundred yearsRead MoreDelving into the Personality of Shakespeare in â€Å"What Was He Really Like? by Stanley Wells653 Words   |  3 PagesMost biographies written about William Shakespeare attempt to explain his life chronologically from birth to death. These accounts aim to describe his life through discussing his works and accomplishments. The problem with this pattern is that there are only so many ways humans can rewrite the same facts about the same person. Contrary to most papers about Shakespeare, the essay titled â€Å"What Was He Really Like?†, written by Stanley Wells, focuses internally on who Shakespeare was as an ordinary personRead MoreShakespeare and Women vs. Society and Queen Elizabeth Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesQueen Elizabeth fought for women to be seen as equals to men through her reign. But in loving the theatre, she never allow ed women to be on the stage; forcing men to play the role of men and women makes her ideals and societys hypocritical. William Shakespeare writes using strong women characters, such as Katherine Minola and Juliet Capulet, to show the society he inhabits just how important women are. Through his writing he shows that he views women as strong and independent. In Romeo and JulietRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Accomplishments1819 Words   |  8 Pages As we all know William Shakespeare was a well known and a highly sought after writer, but did he really deserve all that fame? As early as 1709, with Nicholas Rowe s publication of his edition of Shakespeare s works, the little information that we had about William Shakespeare began to show. Other than several early minor accounts, the preface of Nicholas Rowe s edition contained the first biography of William Shakespeare. Rowe presented eleven known facts about Shakespeare s life. By 1821,Read MoreEssay on The Unaccounted for Period of William Shakespeares Life1954 Words   |  8 PagesThe Unaccounted for Period of William Shakespeares Life William Shakespeare was born on April 26th 1564[1] in Stratford on-Avon to parents John and Mary. Growing up, he received a good education for a country boy of that period. He attended the village elementary school, was tutored by his mother and others, and learned a great deal by himself[2]. At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway, had his first child, Susanna in 1583 followed by twins Judith and Hamnet in 1585. 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Both parents, while not formally educated, were considered adequately educated for the ties and could read and write. They held a significantRead More An Analysis of Arnolds Essay, The Function of Criticism at The Present Time1226 Words   |  5 Pagesanalyzing Matthew Arnold‘s essay through my reading of his essay. It becomes clear that Arnold defends the importance of criticism. That’s to say he tries to display that the critical mind is of a paramount importance as well as the creative mind. A Brief Biography Arnold, Matthew 1822-1888, English poet and critic, he was a leading literary figure of the Victorian period, and the foremost literary figure of his age. His writings have a distinct style which is characterized by the use of symbolism and earnestnessRead MoreA Brief Biography of Agatha Christie1750 Words   |  7 Pagesloving parents and was the youngest of three children. Louis Montant Miller, was her brother who was ten years older than she, and her sister, Margaret Frary Miller, was eleven years older. The children were brought up in a comfortable home, but not very wealthy. A tragic moment in Agatha’s childhood was when her father, Frederick Alvah Miller, confessed to cheating on her mother, Clarissa Margaret Boehmer. He didn’t reveal this disappointing information to his family until after Clarissa passed awayRead MoreOthello : William Shakespeare s Othello2542 Words   |  11 PagesJack Martin Mrs. Siplivy British Literature 3 March 2015 Othello Introduction Shakespeare is the second most quoted writer in the English language – after the various writers of the Bible. Many of Shakespeare’s ideas for the play Othello came from a collection of tales written by Giraldi Cinthio. In Othello the character of Iago acts as the prominent main character throughout the play, even though he plays the role of the antagonist to the other central characters in the comedy Iago is the tragic

Grocery Store Database - 2639 Words

Introduction Florida Food Mart is a medium size grocery store located in Tampa, Florida. The store and management offices are housed in a 20,000 square foot facility on the North West side of Tampa. There are approximately 45 employees consisting of 20 Cashiers, 10 Stock Clerks, 8 Bagging Associates, 3 Shipping and Receiving Clerks, 3 Store Managers, 1 Technician, 2 Purchasing Agents, 1 Accountant, 1 Marketing Director, 1 Vice President, and 1 President. The Database Team has been assigned the task of upgrading Florida Food Marts outdated inventory processing system by designing and implementing a state of the art relational database management system utilizing MS Access integrated with Florida Food Marts present point-of-sale (POS)†¦show more content†¦This system will facilitate increases in productivity that will result in a substantial improvement to the companys bottom line. Business Rules The Database Team has established some business rules as it pertains to the grocery inventory system. The following list is a comprehensive list of the rules:  · An employee can only be attached to one department  · A purchase order (PO) must be authorized by a designated employee  · A vendor can have an account, even though they may not have supplied the company in some time  · PO may only have one shipping method  · A PO can only have one invoice or shipping/receiving ticket  · AShow MoreRelatedElectronic Product Code ( Upc )1044 Words   |  5 Pageseverything that customers buy from shopping centers has a Universal Product Code (UPC) printed on it. RFID tags are improved version of the UPC bar code as they have read and write capabilities, indicating that they could be read by RFID scanners and also store information. Each product within the shopping center will be labeled with a unique Electronic Product Code (EPC) that will take the place of UPC bar code. Each label could contain 96 bits of information, including names of products, the manufacturersRead MoreCustomer Retention1590 Words   |  7 Pagesand Canadian firms today are experimenting with database marketing programs aimed, in large part, at retention. Most of these companies are not yet sure whether their experiments will be successful. A significant number of the programs will fail and ultimately be scrapped. How do such programs work? Let’s look at the theory. I like to go back to the old corner grocer. Prior to 1950, most groceries in the US and Canada were sold in small grocery stores. The proprietor would meet you at the door. HeRead MoreKudler Fine Foods Design1022 Words   |  5 Pagesthe web community as a whole, and layout of the site. 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MUSIC IS EDUCATION Essay Example For Students

MUSIC IS EDUCATION Essay THESIS STATEMENTMusic in education is essential to our children because it increases their listening skills and is a common method of communication for cultures worldwide. Music is EducationThere are schools attempting to eliminate teaching musical arts to our children. The board of education claims they must provide education by concentrating on the basic academic courses, but what they dont realize is that music is a major part of basic education. We must not allow them to pull the teaching of music out of our school curriculums because music is an essential form of communication. Our children do not have to be fluent in the arts to receive the value of broad exposure to the different musical dialogues. Deprivation of a very valuable part of education occurs if we do not teach them to appreciate a wide variety of music. Metaphorically speaking, we often associate the terms language and grammar with the term music. This association leads us to believe that music is a form of language, possibly because no symbol system other than language has the same potential as music of infinite productivity and precision. It takes a multitude of directions and phonetic-type symbolism to produce a pleasant sounding musical composition. This relates very closely to the requirements of everyday language. The primary objective of any spoken language is to convey a persons thoughts in a comprehensible fashion, but we must remember that everyone thinks and comprehends everything differently. Musical language contains vast quantities of words to help people understand how original composers intended to play a specific piece. Musical language also has directions that allow and encourage some scope of original interpretation and minor departures from the written score, resulting in no two performances sounding exactly alike. The English language, as we know it, carries a very strong parallel to these same interpretable words. Dialect and slang are just two of the many connotative forms to speak different languages. All languages contain these variations and reinforce the need for striving toward understanding a basically generic language. It would be very difficult to speak to a non-English speaking person and clearly convey a message unless both persons were familiar with basic terminology. It would be just as unlikely to communicate a musical message to someone not educated or interested in musical interpretation. The term music in itself has many different connotations. One in the United States may not have the same perceptions as one whose origin is France or Australia, or elsewhere in the world. In my travels through Europe and South America I had a hard time finding any truly original, locally produced music. The majority of the music I searched through were also popular in the United States. It was very easy to find foreigners singing an American song using their interpretation of our language. The entire world seems to be able to communicate with music and seems to understand it enough to share their own musical interpretation. Music is a language of its own and depending on how we speak it, it too can accomplish a multitude of results. People are no more able to understand a foreign language without education than they are to understand the unspoken language of music without proper musical education. A single score of music interpreted with a few of many available musical directions can tell as many stories as there are variations. For example, playing Cristoforis Dream by David Lanz entirely lento-pianisimo (slow and very soft), creates a very peaceful and tranquil mood. Played again allegro-forte (lively, brisk, and loud), emits an uplifting feeling. Yet, by using both interpretations progressively and regressively within this identical musical score, one could feel depleted and elated in the same timeframe. This is perhaps the most ascribable reason to pursue a knowledge of musical semantics. Within music one expresses many emotions, speaks many languages, conveys complex messages, and !tells many stories. .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb , .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb .postImageUrl , .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb , .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb:hover , .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb:visited , .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb:active { border:0!important; } .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb:active , .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2ffbfdab6d62fcea1021f9e137ef57cb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Trifles EssayMusic can be a selfish form of conversation and it is not always necessary to have a recipient to convey a message. One has only to listen while playing music to communicate with themselves, yet most would suspect the stability of a person who attempted this scenario by simply talking and responding while alone. Music merges the physical aspects of harmony with a sublime and metaphysical effect creating an inner peace. Seldom will words alone be capable of accomplishing what just one musical composition can communicate when we teach our children to appreciate music.With all available forms of communication, one should never forget that listening carefully to m usicas we should listen to others speakcan clarify the true meanings of all languages. We should all strive to include intuition and intellect into language of any form. Intellect enlarges our range of instincts through newly absorbed information and enables us to reflect and analyze all forms of language. If communication is the purpose for language, we must then realize that speech is not the only form of communication, for life without smiles, hugs, sign language, and even music would be very unfulfilling. We must continue to educate our children in the musical arts and teach them yet another form of communication.

Word Management Accounting

Question: You are a semi senior member of staff at the Accounting firm Turpin, Barker and Armstrong based in Sutton. You have been appointed to deal with a pair of new prospective clients who have inherited quite a substantial sum of money from their grandfathers will.These two are brothers want to set up a business but have no knowledge as to what type of business they want to get into let alone the form of business entity available to themAs a Semi-Senior member of the accounting staff, you are required to write a report to be delivered by your firm to these brothers explaining the issues below: Explain the different forms of business units(sole proprietorship, partnership, limited company) available, highlighting the benefits and limitations of each Explain financial accounting and management accounting, highlighting the differences between the two strands of accounting Assuming that you have not been given any information about the inheritance of the brothers. Explain the sources of financ e available to a business owner, looking at Short-term sources, Medium-term sources and Long-term sources of finance giving examples of each. Style, layout, format (Report writing format expected) and relevance Introduction, conclusion and Recommendation Referencing - Harvard Style? Answer: Introduction: The word management accounting means the technique of building the reports of administration and the financial records which represents the precise and suitable fiscal and mathematical data required by the board members of the company to take short term decisions. The phrase financial accounting means the technique which represents the annual report for the share holders of the company such as the companys balance sheet and the companys income statement. The informations are arranged by the firm for the traders of the company, the department of tax of the company and also for the stock holders of the company. In this research, the research analyst will revise the diverse forms of business units accessible in the market and the notion of financial accounting and the conception of management accounting. The different forms of business units: Sole Proprietorships: A industry which is owned and operate by a person is known as the sole proprietorship business. It is one of the regular and simplest type of a company. The industry may manage many people but the proprietorship of the company should be one (Kaliski, 2007). This form of industry can be simply created and the proprietor of the business can enjoy with the total amount of gain earned by the company. How a sole proprietorship is formed: The sole proprietorship can be created very simply. When an owner wants to start a company, can start a sole proprietorship company. To control a sole proprietorship company no special type of licenses is required to open a sole proprietorship company. The business which is sole proprietorship business can be maintained till the proprietor wants to operate the company. Advantages of Sole Proprietorship business: Sole Proprietorship Company has lots of merits as compared to other type of industry. The Sole Proprietorship industry have operational and tax advantages company. One of the operational merits of sole proprietorship industry is the sole proprietorship industry is very simple to construct the company. A person can become a proprietor of a company by running the industry (Mariotti and Glackin, 2013). Other operational merits of this kind of industry is the owner will run the industry single-handedly and will get the gain percentage of the industry alone. The tax merrits in the sole proprietorship industry are the sole proprietorship company does not required to file a diverse tax. The total gain of the industry or the total debt of the company will be taxable amount on the proprietor own income tax form. Disadvantages of Sole Proprietorship business: Sole proprietorship has operational demerits and also has liability demerits as compared to other industry. One of the vital demerits of the sole proprietorship industry is the covert practice to liability. The owner is independently liable for any amount outstanding of the business or obligation of the business. Another limitation on sole proprietorship is operational demerits of the owner. If the owner wants to include another owner, then the company will no further be sole proprietorship business. The business will be then a partnership industry (Mintzer, 2013). The proprietor of the sole proprietorship industry can only include with his or her companion. Demise of a Sole Proprietorship: A sole proprietorship stops when the owner stops running the industry. These circumstances can be facade by the company when the owner sells the industry or shut down the company. Partnership: A company which is self owned by two or more persons who join their hands to each other to form an organization or a industry with the objective of achieving the profit for the business is well-known as Partnership in company. The persons who stick their hands jointly to form the company are well known as the Partners. The partners of the entity can provide the necessary cash to run the company jointly and can distribute the tasks among the partners of the company. When the person wants to start a company with the individuals partners, the person should make a decision and distribute the tasks among the partners that how much quantity will each partner will supply, which partner will control the company, who will make progress the debt of the company and who will get the utmost proportion of the gain earned by the business. Before opening the industry all the partners makes an agreement and depending on the same agreement the partners will control the company (Oberrecht, 2010). Depen ding on the agreement the partners control the business is well known as Partnership Deed. On the basis of this agreement the partners should start the industry and control the partnership industry. The agreement or the partnership deed should be in written rather than in oral, to avoid future controversies. Features of partnership form of business: More than two members: A company which is self owned by more than two members who jointly hold their hands each other to create an organization or a company with the objective of earning the profit for the business is well known as Partnership in an industry. The persons who jointly hold their hands mutually to create the company are well known as the Partners. Agreement: Before opening the company all the partners produces an agreement and depending on the same conformity the partners will control the company. Depending on the conformity, the partners control the business is well known as Partnership Deed. Depending on the agreement the partners should start the industry and control the partnership business (Crowther and Trott, 2004). The agreement or the partnership deed should be in written rather than in oral, to avoid future controversies. Lawful Business: The partners should hang about jointly to control the industry by obeying all the laws. The partners should not do black marketing or should not earn black money from the company. The entity should pay the taxes in the account of Government to keep their business run under all the laws. Competence of Partners: Maintaining the laws of business, the individuals who join their hands to control the partnership industry. The partners should not be below aged who stays jointly to control the partnership company. If this occurs then the company is not obeying the laws of the partnership industry which can take into problem for the business. The below aged cannot take any type valuable decisions to control the business. The below aged person can only get the share of the gain received by the company (Tesner and Kell, 2000). Sharing of profits : The main objective of the industry is to receive utmost gain. The sharing of the gain percentage should be written in the conformity. The partners who run the business should obey the conformity to restrict the controversies. If the sharing of gain percentage is not mentioned in the conformity then the gain percentage receive by the business should be split among the partners uniformly. Advantages of Partnership business: a) Establishing the Partnership firm is very simple.b) A lot of resources are obtainable in Partnership firm.c) The firm is operating by the partners. So, all the owners of the firm can take decision for the firm. This will help the firm to have a healthier decision.d) The functional issue of the partnership firm is very lithe in nature.e) All the partners of the firm, split the peril factor of the business among themselves. Disadvantages of Partnership business: a) The debt of Partnership firm is unlimited.b) There is no assurance of existence for the partnership firm.c) In Partnership business, the administration of the business has deficient in harmony (Steingold, 2011).d) The wealth amount in Partnership firm is to control the firm is very limited.e) The shares of the gain percentage received by the partnership firm cannot be shifted to external people without taking consent from other partners of the firm. Limited Company: The constitution of integration that precincts the whole quantity of responsibility should be under anxiety of the stock holders of the firm. The description of this kind of constitution of a corporate firm is practiced in the European countries. It is generally well known as the limited liability company. Afterward, this kind of firm is well known as Liability Company. Two types of limited company exist in the corporate world. One type of Limited Company is well known as Public Limited Company and the other type of Limited Company is well known as Private Limited Company (Shaw and Barry, 2001). In Limited Company, the cash payable of the company is separated from the stock holders of the firm. The ownership of the limited company can simply shifted to another person. Many of the Limited Company is operating all the way through their generations. How a Limited Company is formed: When a person thinks to start a limited company, then initially, the person should register the company name with the Companies House. The major purpose of Companies House is to look after the firms which are under Companies House. The registration of the company falls under the Companies Act 2006 (Birkin, 2000). During the 21st Century, there are more than two millions limited company in the corporate market of European countries and over three lakhs limited companies is there in the present year. Under the Act of Companies Act 2006, every limited company should have one director and one company secretary. Advantages of Limited Company: a) Traders always have interest to trade in the limited business.b) The word limited gives an extra weight to the business.c) The traders can simply shift the stocks in the limited firm and the conformity of limited firm is much more translucent and lithe as compare to other firms.d) The dividend paid by the limited company and the dividend paid to the investors are less taxable as compared to other types of business.e) The payable of tax rate is very much less in limited firm (Clubb, 2005). Disadvantages of Limited Company: a) Due to the obligation in lawmaking, the price of accountancy is very high in limited firms.b) The secretary of the company and the directors of the firm adhere the lawmaking under the Company Act 2006.c) In limited company, the coercion in legislatives is more in form such as CENVAT, the financial records of the yearly report of the limited firm. The concept of Management Accounting: The phrase management accounting means the technique of making the information of management and the financial records which represent the precise and suitable financial and arithmetical information required by the administrators to take small tenure decisions (Beyersdorff, M. 2009). The concept of Financial Accounting: The phrase financial accounting means the technique which reflects the annual report for the stock holders like the companys balance sheet and the income statement of the firm (Harrison, W. 2014). This helps the firm to comprehend the fiscal position of the business. This informations are arranged by the firm for their traders, department of tax of the firm and for the stock holders of the firm (Horngren, C. 2009.). Difference between the financial accounting and management accounting: The phrase financial accounting means the technique which reflects the annual report for the stock holders whereas the management accounting reflects the monthly or weekly report for the administrators of the firm and for the chief executive officer of the industry (Miller-Nobles, et al 2014). The information which the manager get from the management accounting reflects the administrator of the firm that how much money is accessible in the firms account, the generation of sales revenue, the cash payable by the firm, the cash receivable by the firm and also gives much other arithmetical data about the industry (Needles, B. and Powers, M. 2007). According to the character of the resource of business, they are mostly confidential as interior resource and exterior resource. On the other hand, they are also segmented as petite term resource of business, intermediate term resource of money and elongated term resource of money. Petite term resources of economics are those which are accessible only for a year. Likewise, middle term resources of economics are available for company up to 5 years and elongated term resource of money are accessible for more than 5 years. Individual resources of funding can be segmented under some of the above declared three heads. On the other hand, normal stocks assets are the most important elongated term resource of money. Along with this, credit assets, bank credit and undertaking assets are also considered as the elongated term resource of money. However, may credit assets also known as the intermediate term resource of money. The over draft of bank is the key petite term resource of money. Considering the resources of money whether it is petite term, intermediate term or elongated term, there required to assume the officially authorized construction of the company association like it is a Limited or Private Limited Company. For example, Limited and Private Limited Company can put on the market to sell their stocks, but sole investors, joint venture or Partnership Company cannot sell their stocks in the market. So, based on the officially authorized organization of the company, the resources of money may changes. Likewise, the employ of funding also reflects the type of resource required to be used. For example, situation of a new company one person should go for elongated term resource of funding. Supplementary, the profit percentage also reflects the type of resource of funding should be used. In this framework, the stage of risk or risk absorbing capabilities, first choice of the owners, the stage of quantity are needed also mostly affects the accessibility of the resource of money. Conclusion: The research analyst studied in this research that the diverse kinds of business units. They are Sole Proprietorship business, Partnership business, Limited Company. There are many merits imposed in the each and every type of business unit. From the merits, the research analyst finds that the Limited Company firm is better than the other two types of firm. There are some demerits imposed in each and every type of firm units. The research analyst also studied in this research about the significance of management accounting and financial accounting in a firm to control the firm productively. To obtain the aim of the business, the management accounting study and financial accounting is required. These two types of bookkeeping tools also help the firm to realize the situation of the business. Recommendation: Each business units have merits and demerits. The traders should maintain about the merits and the demerits of the industry units. The traders should classify the kind of firm the trader wants to control. The trader should try to diminish the demerits of the industry unit by observance about the demerits of the industry unit. References: Kaliski, B. (2007). Encyclopedia of business and finance. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. Mariotti, S. and Glackin, C. (2013). Entrepreneurship. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Mintzer, R. (2013). Start your own grant writing business. Irvine, Calif.: Entrepreneur Media. Oberrecht, K. (2010). How to start a home-based photography business. Guilford, Conn.: Globe Pequot Press. Sinclair, J. (2007). EBay business the smart way. New York, NY: Amacom. Crowther, J. and Trott, B. (2004). Partnering with purpose. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. Tesner, S. and Kell, G. (2000). The United Nations and business. New York: St. Martin's Press. Birkin, M. (2000). Building the integrated company. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Gower. Shaw, W. and Barry, V. (2001). Moral issues in business. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Steingold, F. (2011). Legal guide for starting running a small business. Berkeley, Calif.: Nolo. Needles, B. and Powers, M. (2007). Introduction of financial accounting. Beyersdorff, M. (2009). International GAAP 2014. Harrison, W. (2014). Financial accounting. Harlow: Pearson. Horngren, C. (2009.). Introduction to financial accounting. Miller-Nobles, T., Mattison, B., Matsumura, E. and Horngren, C. (2014). Horngren's financial managerial accounting. Boston: Pearson. Needles, B. and Powers, M. (2011). Principles of financial accounting. Warren, C., Reeve, J. and Duchac, J. (2013). Corporate financial accounting. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cenage Learning.